Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arwīts

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arwīts

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *arwits, *arwaits

Etymology

Possibly a substrate term related to Latin ervum (“bitter-vetch”), Ancient Greek ὄροβος (órobos, “bitter-vetch”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”) and to Middle Armenian առուոյտ (aṙuoyt, “alfalfa”).

Noun

*arwīts f[1]

1. pea

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *arwīts (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*arwīts	*arwītiz
vocative	*arwīt	*arwītiz
accusative	*arwītų	*arwītunz
genitive	*arwītiz	*arwītǫ̂
dative	*arwīti	*arwītumaz
instrumental	*arwītē	*arwītumiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *arwīt, *arwait
  • Old Frisian: *erit
    • Saterland Frisian: Aate
    • West Frisian: eart
  • Old Saxon: erit, eriwit
    • Middle Low German: erwete, erwitte, arwete, erwte, erfte, arfte, arvete, ērte
      • German Low German: Arvte, Arvt
  • Old Dutch: *erwit, *erewit
    • Middle Dutch: erwete
      • Dutch: erwt
        • Afrikaans: ertjie
          • → Xhosa: i-ertyisi
        • → Indonesian: ercis
        • → Papiamentu: ert (dated)
        • → Sranan Tongo: erki
  • Old High German: arawīz, araweiz, arawez, areweiz, arewez, arewiz, arewurz, ariwez, arwiz, arwuz, erewiz, erit, erivit, eriwiz, erwez, erwiz, harviz, hereviz
    • Middle High German: erweiz, erbeiz, arwīs, arwīz, areweiz
      • Bavarian: Arbaiß
        • Cimbrian: érbasa
      • Central Franconian: Ääz, Eerz (Ripuarian), Arwes, Erwes, Erbes, Erres (Moselle Franconian)
        • Luxembourgish: Ierbes
      • German: Erbse
      • Yiddish: אַרבעס‎ (arbes)
• Old Norse: ertr (pl.) (likely borrowed from Low German)
  • Danish: ært
  • Elfdalian: ert
  • Faroese: ertur
  • Icelandic: erta
  • Norwegian Bokmål: ert
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ert
  • Old Swedish: ært
    • Swedish: ärt, ärta
  • Westrobothnian: äʈʈer, ęttęr, ätter

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arwīt-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37