< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arwaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑr.wɑz/
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *Herwos, which could come from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to order, arrange, fit”) or *h₃er- (“to set in motion”).
Adjective
*arwaz[1]
- ready, fast
Inflection
Declension of *arwaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arwaz | *arwai | *arwō | *arwôz | *arwą, -atō | *arwō |
| Accusative | *arwanǭ | *arwanz | *arwǭ | *arwōz | *arwą, -atō | *arwō |
| Genitive | *arwas, -is | *arwaizǫ̂ | *arwaizōz | *arwaizǫ̂ | *arwas, -is | *arwaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *arwammai | *arwaimaz | *arwaizōi | *arwaimaz | *arwammai | *arwaimaz |
| Instrumental | *arwanō | *arwaimiz | *arwaizō | *arwaimiz | *arwanō | *arwaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *arwô | *arwaniz | *arwǭ | *arwōniz | *arwô | *arwōnō |
| Accusative | *arwanų | *arwanunz | *arwōnų | *arwōnunz | *arwô | *arwōnō |
| Genitive | *arwiniz | *arwanǫ̂ | *arwōniz | *arwōnǫ̂ | *arwiniz | *arwanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *arwini | *arwammaz | *arwōni | *arwōmaz | *arwini | *arwammaz |
| Instrumental | *arwinē | *arwammiz | *arwōnē | *arwōmiz | *arwinē | *arwammiz |
Related terms
- *garwaz
Descendants
- Old English: earu
- Old Saxon: aru
- Old Norse: ǫrr
- Icelandic: ör
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌾𐍉 (arwjō) (related adverb, not a direct descendant)
Etymology 2
An old s-stem continuing Proto-Indo-European *Hérus. Compare Sanskrit अरुस् (arus, “wound”). Probably cognate to Proto-Germanic *reufaną.[2]
Noun
*arwaz n[3]
- scar
Inflection
| z-stemDeclension of *arwaz (z-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
| vocative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
| accusative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
| genitive | *arwiziz | *arwizǫ̂ | |
| dative | *arwizi | *arwizumaz | |
| instrumental | *arwizē | *arwizumiz | |
Related terms
- *garwaz
Descendants
In the West Germanic forms, the word was remodeled as an n-stem and picked up initial n- by metanalysis.
- Old Saxon: *narwo; *narwa
- Middle Low German: narwe, nare
- Old Dutch: *narwo; *narwa
- Middle Dutch: *narwe, nerwe
- Dutch: nerf
- Middle Dutch: *narwe, nerwe
- Old High German: narwo; narwa, narawa
- Middle High German: narwe, nare, nar
- German: Narbe
- → Luxembourgish: Narb
- Luxembourgish: Naarf (obsolete)
- German: Narbe
- Middle High German: narwe, nare, nar
- Old Norse: ǫrr, ǫr, ørr, ør, ęr, *ęrr
- Icelandic: ör
- Faroese: arr, err, ør
- Westrobothnian: ér
- Danish: ar
- Old Swedish: ær, ar
- Swedish: ärr
- Scots: aur
- → Proto-Finnic: *arpi
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
- “Proto-Germanic/arwaz”, in: Bjorvand & Lindeman, Våre arveord, rev. ed. Oslo, 2007.
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arwiz-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37