Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aruts

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*arits (Elbe dialect)

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from pre-Germanic *arud- (if not a western-only loanword), probably of non-Indo-European origin, such as Sumerian 𒍏 (urud, “copper”), via another, substrate language. Compare also Latin raudus (“lump (of ore, metal); bronze, brass”).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.ruts/

Noun

*aruts m[2]

(West Germanic) ore

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *aruts (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aruts	*arutiz
vocative	*arut	*arutiz
accusative	*arutų	*arutunz
genitive	*arutiz	*arutǫ̂
dative	*aruti	*arutumaz
instrumental	*arutē	*arutumiz

Descendants

Old Saxon: arut
Old Dutch: arut
Old High German: aruz. ariz
- Middle High German: erz, eriz
  - Alemannic German: Ärzt
  - German: Erz
    - → Dutch: erts
      - Afrikaans: erts
    - → Esperanto: erco
    - → Hungarian: érc
    - → Ido: erco
  - Luxembourgish: Äerz
  - Yiddish: אַרץ‎ (arts)

References

Schrijver, Peter. 1997. "Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words". In: Lubotsky, A. Sound Law and Analogy, pp. 293–316. Amsterdam/Atlanta.
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arut-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37

[1] Schrijver, Peter. 1997. "Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words". In: Lubotsky, A. Sound Law and Analogy, pp. 293–316. Amsterdam/Atlanta.

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arut-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37