< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/artijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erdi-, *h₂erd- (“sharp point, stinger”). Cognate with Old Irish aird (“point, ord, end point”), Ancient Greek ἄρδις (árdis, “arrowhead”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑr.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*artijaną
- to tease, taunt, grill, provoke
Inflection
Conjugation of *artijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *artijō | *artijaų | — | *artijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *artīsi | *artijais | *artī | *artijasai | *artijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *artīþi | *artijai | *artijaþau | *artijaþai | *artijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *artijōs | *artijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *artijaþiz | *artijaiþiz | *artijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *artijamaz | *artijaim | — | *artijanþai | *artijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *artīþ | *artijaiþ | *artīþ | *artijanþai | *artijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *artijanþi | *artijain | *artijanþau | *artijanþai | *artijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *artidǭ | *artidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *artidēz | *artidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *artidē | *artidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *artidēdū | *artidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *artidēdudiz | *artidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *artidēdum | *artidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *artidēdud | *artidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *artidēdun | *artidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *artijandz | *artidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old Norse: erta
- Icelandic: erta
- Faroese: erta
- Norwegian: erta
- Old Swedish: ærta
- Swedish: ärta
- Danish: erte
- Westrobothnian: ärtäs
- Middle English: erten, ertin
- Scots: ert
- English: ert