< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arbaidiją
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *arbaidiz (“labour”) + *-ją.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑr.βɑi̯.ði.jɑ̃/
Noun
*arbaidiją n[1]
- toil, work
- hardship
Inflection
| neuter a-stemDeclension of *arbaidiją (neuter a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *arbaidiją | *arbaidijō | |
| vocative | *arbaidiją | *arbaidijō | |
| accusative | *arbaidiją | *arbaidijō | |
| genitive | *arbaidijas, *arbaidīs | *arbaidijǫ̂ | |
| dative | *arbaidijai | *arbaidijamaz | |
| instrumental | *arbaidijō | *arbaidijamiz | |
Descendants
Many of the West Germanic descendants merged with *arbaidiz.
- West Germanic: [Term?]
- Old English: earfoþ
- Old Saxon: arbēdi
- Middle Low German: arbêt, arbeit
- Old Dutch: arbeiti, arvit, arbeit
- Middle Dutch: arbeit
- Old High German: arbeiti
- Middle High German: arbeit, arebeit, erbeit, erebeit
- German: Arbeit
- Middle High German: arbeit, arebeit, erbeit, erebeit
- Old Norse: erfiði, erfaði
- Icelandic: erfiði
- Old Swedish: arvoþe, ærviþi
- Swedish: arvode
- Old Danish: æruæthæ
- Westrobothnian: ärväs (verb), ärvesam (adjective)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*arbaidijan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 22