Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/andi

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, locative of *h₂ent- (“front, forehead”). West Germanic continues an enclitic variant. The Old High German forms in *u- may continue the genitive singular *h₂n̥tés instead.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑn.di/

Conjunction

*andi

in addition, furthermore, and

Descendants

Old English: and, ond, end
- Middle English: and, annd, ant, an, en; ⁊, &
  - English: and
  - Scots: an
  - Yola: an, an', and
Old Frisian: and, ande, ende
- North Frisian: en
- Saterland Frisian: un
- West Frisian: en, in
Old Saxon: endi
- Middle Low German: ende, unde
  - Dutch Low Saxon: en
    - Urkers: in
  - German Low German: un, on
  - Plautdietsch: un, en
  - → Latvian: un
Old Dutch: ande, enda, in, indi, unde
- Middle Dutch: ende, en, enne
  - Dutch: en
    - Afrikaans: en
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: an
    - Jersey Dutch: en
    - Negerhollands: en, an
    - Petjo: en
    - Sranan Tongo: èn
  - Limburgish: ènde, ènd, èn, è
Old High German: unti, enti, inti, unta
- Middle High German: unde, und, unt
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: un
    Mòcheno: ont
    Viennese: und
  - German: und
  - Hunsrik: un
  - Luxembourgish: an
  - Pennsylvania German: un
  - Yiddish: און‎ (un)
Proto-Norse: (from *anþi)
- Old Norse: enn
  - Icelandic: enn
  - Faroese: enn
  - Norwegian: enn
  - Old Swedish: æn
    - Swedish: än
  - Danish: end
- → Proto-Finnic:
  - Estonian: ent
  - Finnish: entä
  - Ingrian: entä

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN