< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *ana
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂én (“up, on high”), but the exact formation is disputed due to the final vowel in descendants that reflect *ana. According to Kroonen, who derives both *an and *ana from a pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥₂, the final vowel was lost by regular sound change but remained in compound forms, whence it was restored in some of the daughter languages.[1] Alternative explanations for the final vowel include a fossilized suffix *-o/*-ó of uncertain (allative?) function, as in *anda.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑn/
Preposition
*an[1]
- on, upon [+dative]
- onto [+accusative]
Adverb
*an[1]
- on, onto
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *an, *ana
- Old English: an, on
- Middle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane; an; æn; one, onne, an
- English: on
- Scots: an, on
- Yola: an, on, a; ana
- Middle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane; an; æn; one, onne, an
- Old Frisian: on, an
- North Frisian: a
- Saterland Frisian: an, oun
- West Frisian: oan
- Old Saxon: ana, an
- Middle Low German: an
- Low German: an
- Middle Low German: an
- Old Dutch: ana, an, in
- Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an
- Dutch: aan
- Afrikaans: aan
- Jersey Dutch: ân
- Negerhollands: aan, an
- Skepi Creole Dutch: an
- Limburgish: aan
- Dutch: aan
- Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an
- Old High German: ana
- Middle High German: ane, an
- Cimbrian: å
- German: an
- Hunsrik: aan
- Luxembourgish: un
- Pennsylvania German: aa
- Yiddish: אָן (on)
- Middle High German: ane, an
- Old English: an, on
- Proto-Norse: ᚨᚾ (an), ᚨᚾᚨ (ana)
- Old Norse: á
- Icelandic: á
- Faroese: á
- Norwegian: å
- Elfdalian: ą̊
- Old Swedish: ā
- Swedish: å, a (dialectal)
- Old Danish: ā
- Danish: å (dialectal)
- Old Norse: á
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ana”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 26