< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ampraz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *amrós (probably *h₂h₃mrós;[1] see *h₂eh₃mós). Cognate to Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá, “sour; wood-sorrel”) and Latin amārus (“bitter”).[2] Kroonen, skeptical, compares Semitic (e.g. Hebrew מַר (mar, “bitter”)).[3]
Adjective
*ampraz[3]
- sharp (in taste), sour
Inflection
Declension of *ampraz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ampraz | *amprai | *amprō | *amprôz | *amprą, -atō | *amprō |
| Accusative | *ampranǭ | *ampranz | *amprǭ | *amprōz | *amprą, -atō | *amprō |
| Genitive | *ampras, -is | *ampraizǫ̂ | *ampraizōz | *ampraizǫ̂ | *ampras, -is | *ampraizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *amprammai | *ampraimaz | *ampraizōi | *ampraimaz | *amprammai | *ampraimaz |
| Instrumental | *ampranō | *ampraimiz | *ampraizō | *ampraimiz | *ampranō | *ampraimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *amprô | *ampraniz | *amprǭ | *amprōniz | *amprô | *amprōnō |
| Accusative | *ampranų | *ampranunz | *amprōnų | *amprōnunz | *amprô | *amprōnō |
| Genitive | *ampriniz | *ampranǫ̂ | *amprōniz | *amprōnǫ̂ | *ampriniz | *ampranǫ̂ |
| Dative | *amprini | *amprammaz | *amprōni | *amprōmaz | *amprini | *amprammaz |
| Instrumental | *amprinē | *amprammiz | *amprōnē | *amprōmiz | *amprinē | *amprammiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *ampr
- Old Frisian: *amper, *omper
- West Frisian: amper
- Old Dutch: *ampar
- Middle Dutch: amper
- Dutch: amper
- Middle Dutch: amper
- Old Frisian: *amper, *omper
- Old Norse: apr (< *appr < *amp-) (descendants may be influenced by Low German)
- Norwegian Bokmål: amper
- Norwegian Nynorsk: amper
- Swedish: amper
- Danish: amper
- Gutnish: ampårr, anpän
- Jamtish: ampen
- Angermannian: ampen, anpäs (verb)
- Westrobothnian: amper, anpän
- Sudermannian: amper
- Wermlandian: amper
- Nilandian: amper
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “amārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
- Friedrich Kluge (1883), “Ampfer”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ampra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25