Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aldaz

< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aldaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”); equivalent to the old past participle of *alaną (“to grow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.dɑz/

Adjective

*aldaz (comparative *alþizô, superlative *alþistaz)[1]

1. old, grown up

   Synonyms: *gamalaz, *senaz, *sinīgaz

Inflection

Declension of *aldaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*aldaz	*aldai	*aldō	*aldôz	*aldą, -atō	*aldō
Accusative	*aldanǭ	*aldanz	*aldǭ	*aldōz	*aldą, -atō	*aldō
Genitive	*aldas, -is	*aldaizǫ̂	*aldaizōz	*aldaizǫ̂	*aldas, -is	*aldaizǫ̂
Dative	*aldammai	*aldaimaz	*aldaizōi	*aldaimaz	*aldammai	*aldaimaz
Instrumental	*aldanō	*aldaimiz	*aldaizō	*aldaimiz	*aldanō	*aldaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*aldô	*aldaniz	*aldǭ	*aldōniz	*aldô	*aldōnō
Accusative	*aldanų	*aldanunz	*aldōnų	*aldōnunz	*aldô	*aldōnō
Genitive	*aldiniz	*aldanǫ̂	*aldōniz	*aldōnǫ̂	*aldiniz	*aldanǫ̂
Dative	*aldini	*aldammaz	*aldōni	*aldōmaz	*aldini	*aldammaz
Instrumental	*aldinē	*aldammiz	*aldōnē	*aldōmiz	*aldinē	*aldammiz

Derived terms

• *aldijaną
• *alþį̄

Related terms

• *alaną
• *aldiz
• *aldrą
• *aljaną
• *weraldiz

 

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ald
  • Old English: eald, ald, eold, æld, eld
    • Middle English: olde, old, ald
      • English: old
      • Scots: auld
      • Yola: yole, yold
  • Old Frisian: ald
    • North Frisian: ual, uul, ool
    • Saterland Frisian: oold
    • West Frisian: âld
  • Old Saxon: ald
    • Middle Low German: ôlt, old
      • German Low German: old, oold, ol, olt
        • → German: oll
      • Plautdietsch: oolt
  • Old Dutch: alt
    • Middle Dutch: out
      • Dutch: oud
        • Afrikaans: oud
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
        • Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
        • Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
      • Limburgish: aad
  • Old High German: alt, ald
    • Middle High German: alt
      • Alemannic German: altu, oalt, oalt, olt, àltà (Italian Walser)
      • Bavarian:

        Apeltonerisch: old

        Cimbrian: alt

        Mòcheno: òlt

        Northern Bavarian: [ɔːld̥]

        Udinese: olt, òlt

      • Central Franconian: alt

        Hunsrik: alt

        Kirchröadsj: aod, auw

        Luxembourgish: al

      • German: alt
      • Rhine Franconian: alt, all

        Frankfurterisch: [ɑːl], [aːl]

        Pennsylvania German: alt

      • Vilamovian: aołd
      • Yiddish: אַלט‎ (alt)
• Old Norse: aldinn
  • Icelandic: aldinn
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (alþeis)
• Crimean Gothic: alt

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*alda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20