< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed, nourish”).[1] Cognate with Latin alō (“nourish”, verb)[1].
Verb
*alaną[2]
- to grow
- to grow old, to mature
- to breed
Inflection
Conjugation of *alaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *alō | *alaų | — | *alai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *alizi | *alaiz | *al | *alazai | *alaizau |
| 3rd singular | *alidi | *alai | *aladau | *aladai | *alaidau |
| 1st dual | *alōz | *alaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *aladiz | *alaidiz | *aladiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *alamaz | *alaim | — | *alandai | *alaindau |
| 2nd plural | *alid | *alaid | *alid | *alandai | *alaindau |
| 3rd plural | *alandi | *alain | *alandau | *alandai | *alaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *ōl | *ōlį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *ōlt | *ōlīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *ōl | *ōlī | |||
| 1st dual | *ōlū | *ōlīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *ōludiz | *ōlīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *ōlum | *ōlīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *ōlud | *ōlīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *ōlun | *ōlīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *alandz | *alanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *ōliz
Related terms
- *aldaz[1]
- *aldiz
- *aldrą
- *aljaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *alan
- Old English: alan
- Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: ala
- Icelandic: ala
- Faroese: ala
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ala
- Norwegian Bokmål: ale
- Westrobothnian: äl, ala
- Old Swedish: ala
- Swedish: uppala
- Old Danish: alæ
- Old Gutnish: ala
- Old Norse: ala
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽 (alan)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂- (“to drive, move, go”). Compare Ancient Greek ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “move”), Latin alacer (“lively, active, brisk”), Old Irish élud (“evasion”), Irish élaim (“flee”).
Verb
*alaną
- to spurn, kick-start, drive, set in motion, move
Inflection
Conjugation of *alaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *alō | *alaų | — | *alai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *alizi | *alaiz | *al | *alazai | *alaizau |
| 3rd singular | *alidi | *alai | *aladau | *aladai | *alaidau |
| 1st dual | *alōz | *alaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *aladiz | *alaidiz | *aladiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *alamaz | *alaim | — | *alandai | *alaindau |
| 2nd plural | *alid | *alaid | *alid | *alandai | *alaindau |
| 3rd plural | *alandi | *alain | *alandau | *alandai | *alaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *ōl | *ōlį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *ōlt | *ōlīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *ōl | *ōlī | |||
| 1st dual | *ōlū | *ōlīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *ōludiz | *ōlīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *ōlum | *ōlīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *ōlud | *ōlīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *ōlun | *ōlīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *alandz | *alanaz | |||
Usage notes
- This verb is not directly attested in any daughter languages. It is evinced only by possible derivatives and related terms.
Derived terms
- *alatjaną
Related terms
- *aljaną
- *aljô
- *lanō
References
- Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “oud”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*alan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 19