Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiþaz

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óytos (“oath”). Cognate with Old Irish óeth (“oath”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.θɑz/

Noun

*aiþaz m[1]

1. oath

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *aiþaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aiþaz	*aiþōz, *aiþōs
vocative	*aiþ	*aiþōz, *aiþōs
accusative	*aiþą	*aiþanz
genitive	*aiþas, *aiþis	*aiþǫ̂
dative	*aiþai	*aiþamaz
instrumental	*aiþō	*aiþamiz

Derived terms

• *aiþastabaz
• *aiþijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *aiþ
  • Old English: āþ
    • Middle English: oth, ooth, ath
      • English: oath
      • Scots: aith
      • Yola: oathès (plural)
  • Old Frisian: ēth, āth
    • North Frisian: ith, iss
    • Saterland Frisian: Eed
    • West Frisian: eed
  • Old Saxon: ēth
    • Middle Low German: êt
      • German Low German: Eed
      • Plautdietsch: Eit
  • Old Dutch: *ēth
    • Middle Dutch: êet
      • Dutch: eed
        • Afrikaans: eed
  • Old High German: eid, aid
    • Middle High German: eit
      • German: Eid
      • Luxembourgish: Eed
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Frankfurterisch: IPA [ait]

    • ⇒ Lombardic: *aido (“oath-helper”) (attested as aidos pl (“oath-helpers”))
• Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚦᚨᛉ (*aiþaʀ, in ᚨᛁᚦᚨᛚᚨᛏᚨᛉ (aiþalātaz))
  • Old Norse: eiðr
    • Icelandic: eiður
    • Faroese: eiður
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: eid
    • Old Swedish: ēþer
      • Swedish: ed
    • Old Danish: ēþ, eth
      • Danish: ed
        • Norwegian Bokmål: ed
    • Westrobothnian: eid, aid, ei
    • Old Gutnish: aiþr
      • Gutnish: aid
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (aiþs)

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aiþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 15