Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑi̯z/

Noun

*aiz n[1]

copper, bronze
ore

Inflection

Was originally a regular z-stem, but the older nominative singular alternant *ajaz > *āz was levelled out in favour of the oblique stem *aiz. This made it indistinguishable from a neuter consonant stem.

neuter consonant stemDeclension of *aiz (neuter consonant stem)
	singular
nominative	*aiz
vocative	*aiz
accusative	*aiz
genitive	*aiziz
dative	*aizi
instrumental	*aizē

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *aiʀ
- Old English: ār
  - Middle English: ore, hure, oer, or, oor, oore, oure, ure (merged with ōra)
    - English: ore
    - Scots: ure, uir
- Old Frisian: *ār, ēr
  - Saterland Frisian: Oare, Orre
- Old Saxon: ēr
  - Middle Low German: ēr
- Old Dutch: *ēr
  - Middle Dutch: êer
- Old High German: ēr
  - Middle High German: er
    - Alemannic German: Eer
      - ⇒ Alemannic German: eerig
  - ⇒ Old High German: ērīn
    - Middle High German: ērīn
      - German: ehern
Old Norse: eir
- Icelandic: eir
- ⇒ Faroese: eirdómur, eirgingin, eirgrønur, eiring
- Norwegian: eir, irr
- Old Swedish: ēr
  - Swedish: ärg
- Danish: er, ir
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aiza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aiza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16