< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiwiskaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eygʷʰ- + *-iskos;[1] for the root, compare Sanskrit अनेहस् (an-ehás, “flawless, unrivalled”) (< *n̥-h₂eygʷʰós).
Formerly often compared with Ancient Greek αἶσχος (aîskhos), but this hypothesis has largely been abandoned due to its formal difficulty.[2]
Adjective
*aiwiskaz[1]
- shameful
Inflection
Declension of *aiwiskaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *aiwiskaz | *aiwiskai | *aiwiskō | *aiwiskôz | *aiwiską, -atō | *aiwiskō |
| Accusative | *aiwiskanǭ | *aiwiskanz | *aiwiskǭ | *aiwiskōz | *aiwiską, -atō | *aiwiskō |
| Genitive | *aiwiskas, -is | *aiwiskaizǫ̂ | *aiwiskaizōz | *aiwiskaizǫ̂ | *aiwiskas, -is | *aiwiskaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *aiwiskammai | *aiwiskaimaz | *aiwiskaizōi | *aiwiskaimaz | *aiwiskammai | *aiwiskaimaz |
| Instrumental | *aiwiskanō | *aiwiskaimiz | *aiwiskaizō | *aiwiskaimiz | *aiwiskanō | *aiwiskaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *aiwiskô | *aiwiskaniz | *aiwiskǭ | *aiwiskōniz | *aiwiskô | *aiwiskōnō |
| Accusative | *aiwiskanų | *aiwiskanunz | *aiwiskōnų | *aiwiskōnunz | *aiwiskô | *aiwiskōnō |
| Genitive | *aiwiskiniz | *aiwiskanǫ̂ | *aiwiskōniz | *aiwiskōnǫ̂ | *aiwiskiniz | *aiwiskanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *aiwiskini | *aiwiskammaz | *aiwiskōni | *aiwiskōmaz | *aiwiskini | *aiwiskammaz |
| Instrumental | *aiwiskinē | *aiwiskammiz | *aiwiskōnē | *aiwiskōmiz | *aiwiskinē | *aiwiskammiz |
Derived terms
- *aiwiskō
- Old English: ǣwisc
Descendants
- Old English: āwisċ, ǣwisċ, ēawisċ
- Old Saxon: *ēwisk
- Middle Low German: êsch, eisch
- German Low German: aiwisk, eisk, aisch
- Middle Low German: êsch, eisch
- Old High German: *ēwisk
- Middle High German: eisch
- ⇒ Old High German: ēwisklīh
- Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*aiwisks) (in 𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (unaiwisks))
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aiwiska-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἶσχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 45