Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aitaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óydos, whence also possibly Proto-Slavic *ě̑dъ, *jadъ (“poison, malice”) (Old Church Slavonic ядъ (jadŭ), Czech jed, Polish jad, Russian яд (jad), Serbo-Croatian ȉjed, jȁd),[note 1] from the root *h₂eyd- (“to swell”). Cognate with Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”) (aorist այտեայ (ayteay)), այտ (ayt, “cheek”), Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”), *οἰδί- (*oidí-, “swollen”), Latin aemidus (“swollen”), Persian ‎ (astim, “pus”).[2]

Noun

*aitaz m[2]

ulcer

Inflection

Declension of *aitaz (a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*aitaz	*aitōz, -ōs
Vocative	*ait	*aitōz, -ōs
Accusative	*aitą	*aitanz
Genitive	*aitas, -is	*aitǫ̂
Dative	*aitai	*aitamaz
Instrumental	*aitō	*aitamiz

Derived terms

*aitilaz

Related terms

*aistô
*aitrą
*aitǭ (“swelling, gland, nodule”)
- Old English: āte
  - Middle English: ote, hote, oote; ate
    - English: oat
    - Scots: ait
    - Yola: oathès (plural)
*aitijǭ

Descendants

Old Dutch: *ēt
- Middle Dutch: *êet
  - Dutch: eet
Old High German: eiz
- Middle High German: eiz

Notes

For the Slavic, Derksen prefers a derivation from *h₁ed- (“to eat”) (which Kroonen also notes as a possibility) involving a euphemistic semantic shift “food” > “poison”.[1]

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̑dъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aita-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 14

[2] For the Slavic, Derksen prefers a derivation from *h₁ed- (“to eat”) (which Kroonen also notes as a possibility) involving a euphemistic semantic shift “food” > “poison”.[1]

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̑dъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150

[Kroonen-3] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aita-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 14