< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑɸ.ter/
Adverb
*after[1]
- after, behind
Preposition
*after[1]
- after, behind [+dative]
Related terms
- *afteraz
- *afti
- *aftiri
- *aftrą
- *aftai
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after
- Old English: æfter
- Middle English: æfter, efter, after
- Scots: efter
- English: after
- Middle English: æfter, efter, after
- Old Frisian: efter, after
- North Frisian: efter
- Saterland Frisian: ätter
- West Frisian: efter; after, achter
- Old Saxon: aftar, after
- Middle Low German: after, achter
- Low German: achter, aster
- German Low German: achter; ächter (Münsterländisch & Paderbornisch)
- Middle Low German: after, achter
- Old Dutch: after, aftir
- Middle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter
- Dutch: achter; after (dialectal)
- Middle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter
- Old High German: after, aftar; ahter (northern)
- Middle High German: after; *ahter, *achter
- German: after; After
- Luxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”)
- Middle High German: after; *ahter, *achter
- Old English: æfter
- Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after)
- Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)
- Icelandic: eftir
- Faroese: eftir
- Norn: efter
- Middle Norwegian: ettir
- Norwegian Nynorsk: etter
- → Norwegian Bokmål: etter
- Norwegian Nynorsk: etter
- Old Jamtish: efti
- Jamtish: ette
- Elfdalian: etter
- Westrobothnian: ätter, ätt
- Old Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir
- Swedish: efter
- Old Danish: æftær, æftir
- Danish: efter
- Norwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)
- Scanian: ætte
- Danish: efter
- Old Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter
- Gutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)
- Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*after(i)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 3