< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vilkkadak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Sound-symbolic origin.
Verb
*vilkkadak (stem *vilkka-)
- to flash, to blink, to flicker
Inflection
Inflection of *vilkkadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vilk'an | *vilk'oin | — | *vilkkagon |
| 2nd sing. | *vilk'at | *vilk'oit | *vilk'ak | *vilkkagos |
| 3rd sing. | *vilkkabi *vilkka | *vilkkoi | *vilkkagasen | *vilkkagosen |
| 1st plur. | *vilk'akmek *vilk'akmak | *vilkkoimek *vilkkoimak | *vilkkagatemek *vilkkagatamak | *vilkkagotemek *vilkkagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *vilk'aktek *vilk'aktak | *vilkkoidek *vilkkoidak | *vilkkagate *vilkkagata | *vilkkagot'ek *vilkkagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *vilkkabat *vilkka | *vilkkoi | *vilkkagasen | *vilkkagosen |
| passive | *vilk'aksen | *vilkkadisen *vilk'attisen | *vilkkadakahen *vilk'attakahen | *vilkkadakohen *vilk'attakohen |
| connegative | *vilk'ak | — | *vilkkagak | *vilkkagok |
| passive connegative | *vilk'aktak | — | *vilkkadagak *vilk'attagak | *vilkkadagok *vilk'attagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vilk'akcin | *vilkkoicin | *vilkkanen | |
| 2nd sing. | *vilk'akcit | *vilkkoicit | *vilkkanet | |
| 3rd sing. | *vilk'akci | *vilkkoici | *vilkkani | |
| 1st plur. | *vilk'akcimek *vilk'akcimak | *vilkkoicimek *vilkkoicimak | *vilkkanemek *vilkkanemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *vilk'akcidek *vilk'akcidak | *vilkkoicidek *vilkkoicidak | *vilkkanedek *vilkkanedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *vilk'akci | *vilkkoici | *vilkkani | |
| passive | *vilkkadakcihen *vilk'at'akcihen | *vilkkadicihen *vilk'atticihen | *vilkkadanehen *vilk'attanehen | |
| connegative | *vilk'akcik | *vilkkoicik | *vilkkanek | |
| passive connegative | *vilkkadakcik *vilk'at'akcik | *vilkkadicik *vilk'atticik | *vilkkadanek *vilk'attanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vilkkadak | present | *vilkkaba | *vilkkadapa *vilk'attapa |
| infinitive 2 | *vilkkade- | past | *vilkkanut | *vilkkadu *vilk'attu |
| gerund/supine | *vilkkama | |||
| action noun | *vilkkaminen | |||
Descendants
From *vilkkadak:
- Finnish: (dialectal) vilkkaa
- Ingrian: vilkkaa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: vilkkoa
From *vilkkudak:
- Estonian: vilkuma/vilkuda
- Finnish: vilkkua
- Livonian: vilkõ
- Votic: vilkkua
Further reading
- vilk in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vilkkua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN