< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tap'eldak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From *tappadak + *-(e)ldak.
Verb
*tap'eldak (stem *tappele-)
- to fight
Inflection
Inflection of *tap'eldak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
present | past | imperative | optative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | *tappelen | *tappelin | — | *tap'elgon |
2nd sing. | *tappelet | *tappelit | *tappelek | *tap'elgos |
3rd sing. | *tappelepi *tap'el | *tappeli | *tap'elkasen | *tap'elkosen |
1st plur. | *tappelekmek *tappelekmak | *tappelimek *tappelimak | *tap'elkatemek *tap'elkatamak | *tap'elkotemek *tap'elkotamak |
2nd plur. | *tappelektek *tappelektak | *tappelidek *tappelidak | *tap'elkate *tap'elkata | *tap'elgot'ek *tap'elkotadak |
3rd plur. | *tappelebat *tap'el | *tappeli | *tap'elkasen | *tap'elkosen |
passive | *tappeleksen | *tap'eltisen *tappelettihen | *tap'eltakahen *tappelettagasen | *tap'eltakohen *tappelettagosen |
connegative | *tappelek | — | *tap'elgak | *tap'elgok |
passive connegative | *tappelektak | — | *tap'eltagak *tappelettagak | *tap'eltagok *tappelettagok |
conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
1st sing. | *tappelekcin | *tappelicin | *tap'ellen | |
2nd sing. | *tappelekcit | *tappelicit | *tap'ellet | |
3rd sing. | *tappelekci | *tappelici | *tap'elli | |
1st plur. | *tappelekcimek *tappelekcimak | *tappelicimek *tappelicimak | *tap'ellemek *tap'ellemak | |
2nd plur. | *tappelekcidek *tappelekcidak | *tappelicidek *tappelicidak | *tap'elledek *tap'elledak | |
3rd plur. | *tappelekci | *tappelici | *tap'elli | |
passive | *tap'eldakcihen *tappelet'akcisen | *tap'elticihen *tappeletticisen | *tap'eltanehen *tappelettanesen | |
connegative | *tappelekcik | *tappelicik | *tap'ellek | |
passive connegative | *tap'eldakcik *tappelet'akcik | *tap'elticik *tappeletticik | *tap'eltanek *tappelettanek | |
non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
active | passive | |||
infinitive 1 | *tap'eldak | present | *tappelepa | *tap'eltapa *tappelettaba |
infinitive 2 | *tap'elte- | past | *tap'ellut | *tap'eltu *tappelettu |
gerund/supine | *tappelema | |||
action noun | *tappeleminen |
Descendants
- Estonian: taplema/tapelda
- Finnish: tapella
- Ingrian: tapella
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: tapella
- South Karelian: tapella
- Livonian: taplõ
- Livvi: tapella
- Võro: taplõma/tapõldaq
- Votic: tapõllõ
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “tappaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN