< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/surdak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śure-. Directly cognate with Khanty сур- (sur-, “to die”).
Verb
*surdak (stem *sure-)
- to die
Inflection
Inflection of *surdak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
present | past | imperative | optative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | *suren | *surin | — | *surgon |
2nd sing. | *suret | *surit | *surek | *surgos |
3rd sing. | *surebi *suri | *suri | *surkahen | *surkohen |
1st plur. | *surekmek *surekmak | *surimek *surimak | *surkademek *surkadamak | *surkodemek *surkodamak |
2nd plur. | *surektek *surektak | *suridek *suridak | *surkade *surkada | *surgot'ek *surkodadak |
3rd plur. | *surebat *suri | *suri | *surkahen | *surkohen |
passive | *sureksen | *surtihen *surettisen | *surtagasen *surettakahen | *surtagosen *surettakohen |
connegative | *surek | — | *surgak | *surgok |
passive connegative | *surektak | — | *surtagak *surettagak | *surtagok *surettagok |
conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
1st sing. | *surekcin | *suricin | *surnen | |
2nd sing. | *surekcit | *suricit | *surnet | |
3rd sing. | *surekci | *surici | *surni | |
1st plur. | *surekcimek *surekcimak | *suricimek *suricimak | *surnemek *surnemak | |
2nd plur. | *surekcidek *surekcidak | *suricidek *suricidak | *surnedek *surnedak | |
3rd plur. | *surekci | *surici | *surni | |
passive | *surdakcisen *suret'akcihen | *surticisen *suretticihen | *surtanesen *surettanehen | |
connegative | *surekcik | *suricik | *surnek | |
passive connegative | *surdakcik *suret'akcik | *surticik *suretticik | *surtanek *surettanek | |
non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
active | passive | |||
infinitive 1 | *surdak | present | *sureba | *surtaba *surettapa |
infinitive 2 | *surte- | past | *surnut | *surtu *surettu |
gerund/supine | *surema | |||
action noun | *sureminen |
Synonyms
- *kooldak
Derived terms
- *surma
- *surmat'ak
Descendants
- Estonian: surema/surra
- Finnish: surra
- Ingrian: surra
- Karelian: surra
- Ludian: surematoińe (from seeming *suremat'oin)
- Veps: surduda (from seeming *surtudak)
- Votic: surrõ
- → Lule Sami: surrat
- → Inari Sami: suurrađ
References
- surema in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN