< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ntadak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
Equivalent to *-t'ak (stem *-ne-) + *-tadak, possibly even from Proto-Uralic *-mta-. Like *-t'ak, causes a stem-final -A- to change into -e-.
Suffix
*-ntadak (stem *-nta-)
- Forms verbs from nominal stems with a factitive or causative meaning.
Inflection
Inflection of *-ntadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *-ndan | *-ndoin | — | *-ntagon |
| 2nd sing. | *-ndat | *-ndoit | *-ndak | *-ntagos |
| 3rd sing. | *-ntapi *-nta | *-ntoi | *-ntakahen | *-ntakohen |
| 1st plur. | *-ndakmek *-ndakmak | *-ntoimek *-ntoimak | *-ntakademek *-ntakadamak | *-ntakodemek *-ntakodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *-ndaktek *-ndaktak | *-ntoidek *-ntoidak | *-ntakade *-ntakada | *-ntagot'ek *-ntakodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *-ntabat *-nta | *-ntoi | *-ntakahen | *-ntakohen |
| passive | *-ndaksen | *-ntatihen *-ndattihen | *-ntatagasen *-ndattagasen | *-ntatagosen *-ndattagosen |
| connegative | *-ndak | — | *-ntagak | *-ntagok |
| passive connegative | *-ndaktak | — | *-ntatagak *-ndattagak | *-ntatagok *-ndattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *-ndakcin | *-ntoicin | *-ntanen | |
| 2nd sing. | *-ndakcit | *-ntoicit | *-ntanet | |
| 3rd sing. | *-ndakci | *-ntoici | *-ntani | |
| 1st plur. | *-ndakcimek *-ndakcimak | *-ntoicimek *-ntoicimak | *-ntanemek *-ntanemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *-ndakcidek *-ndakcidak | *-ntoicidek *-ntoicidak | *-ntanedek *-ntanedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *-ndakci | *-ntoici | *-ntani | |
| passive | *-ntadakcisen *-ndat'akcisen | *-ntaticisen *-ndatticisen | *-ntatanesen *-ndattanesen | |
| connegative | *-ndakcik | *-ntoicik | *-ntanek | |
| passive connegative | *-ntadakcik *-ndat'akcik | *-ntaticik *-ndatticik | *-ntatanek *-ndattanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *-ntadak | present | *-ntapa | *-ntataba *-ndattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *-ntate- | past | *-ntanut | *-ntatu *-ndattu |
| gerund/supine | *-ntama | |||
| action noun | *-ntaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: -ndama, -ndada
- Finnish: -ntaa
- Ingrian: -ntaa
- Karelian: -ntoa
- Livonian: -ndõ
- Ludian: -ndia
- Veps: -eta
- Votic: -nta
Etymology 2
A variant of *-t'ak (frequentative verb suffix); this variation may even date back to a Proto-Uralic *-nta-, which would be a variant of *-nte-. Like etymology 1, *-t'ak and *-ldak, causes a stem-final -A- to change into -e-.
Suffix
*-ntadak (stem *-nta-)
- Forms frequentative verbs.
Inflection
Inflection of *-ntadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *-ndan | *-ndoin | — | *-ntagon |
| 2nd sing. | *-ndat | *-ndoit | *-ndak | *-ntagos |
| 3rd sing. | *-ntapi *-nta | *-ntoi | *-ntakahen | *-ntakohen |
| 1st plur. | *-ndakmek *-ndakmak | *-ntoimek *-ntoimak | *-ntakademek *-ntakadamak | *-ntakodemek *-ntakodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *-ndaktek *-ndaktak | *-ntoidek *-ntoidak | *-ntakade *-ntakada | *-ntagot'ek *-ntakodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *-ntabat *-nta | *-ntoi | *-ntakahen | *-ntakohen |
| passive | *-ndaksen | *-ntatihen *-ndattihen | *-ntatagasen *-ndattagasen | *-ntatagosen *-ndattagosen |
| connegative | *-ndak | — | *-ntagak | *-ntagok |
| passive connegative | *-ndaktak | — | *-ntatagak *-ndattagak | *-ntatagok *-ndattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *-ndakcin | *-ntoicin | *-ntanen | |
| 2nd sing. | *-ndakcit | *-ntoicit | *-ntanet | |
| 3rd sing. | *-ndakci | *-ntoici | *-ntani | |
| 1st plur. | *-ndakcimek *-ndakcimak | *-ntoicimek *-ntoicimak | *-ntanemek *-ntanemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *-ndakcidek *-ndakcidak | *-ntoicidek *-ntoicidak | *-ntanedek *-ntanedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *-ndakci | *-ntoici | *-ntani | |
| passive | *-ntadakcisen *-ndat'akcisen | *-ntaticisen *-ndatticisen | *-ntatanesen *-ndattanesen | |
| connegative | *-ndakcik | *-ntoicik | *-ntanek | |
| passive connegative | *-ntadakcik *-ndat'akcik | *-ntaticik *-ndatticik | *-ntatanek *-ndattanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *-ntadak | present | *-ntapa | *-ntataba *-ndattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *-ntate- | past | *-ntanut | *-ntatu *-ndattu |
| gerund/supine | *-ntama | |||
| action noun | *-ntaminen | |||
Derived terms
Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ntadak (frequentative)