< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/leik'at'ak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *blaikijaną (“to bleach”), in which case the semantic shift could be explained through a meaning like "to strike/cut a mark into wood (to strip away the bark and reveal the lighter-colored wood within)".[1]
Verb
*leik'at'ak (stem *leikkada-)
- to cut
Inflection
Inflection of *leik'at'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *leikkadan | *leikkacin | — | *leik'atkon |
| 2nd sing. | *leikkadat | *leikkacit | *leikkadak | *leik'atkos |
| 3rd sing. | *leikkadapi *leik'at | *leikkaci | *leik'atkasen | *leik'atkosen |
| 1st plur. | *leikkadakmek *leikkadakmak | *leikkacimek *leikkacimak | *leik'atkatemek *leik'atkatamak | *leik'atkotemek *leik'atkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *leikkadaktek *leikkadaktak | *leikkacidek *leikkacidak | *leik'atkate *leik'atkata | *leik'atkot'ek *leik'atkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *leikkadabat *leik'at | *leikkaci | *leik'atkasen | *leik'atkosen |
| passive | *leikkadaksen | *leik'attisen *leikkadattihen | *leik'attakahen *leikkadattagasen | *leik'attakohen *leikkadattagosen |
| connegative | *leikkadak | — | *leik'atkak | *leik'atkok |
| passive connegative | *leikkadaktak | — | *leik'attagak *leikkadattagak | *leik'attagok *leikkadattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *leikkadakcin | *leikkacicin | *leik'annen | |
| 2nd sing. | *leikkadakcit | *leikkacicit | *leik'annet | |
| 3rd sing. | *leikkadakci | *leikkacici | *leik'anni | |
| 1st plur. | *leikkadakcimek *leikkadakcimak | *leikkacicimek *leikkacicimak | *leik'annemek *leik'annemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *leikkadakcidek *leikkadakcidak | *leikkacicidek *leikkacicidak | *leik'annedek *leik'annedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *leikkadakci | *leikkacici | *leik'anni | |
| passive | *leik'at'akcihen *leikkadat'akcisen | *leik'atticihen *leikkadatticisen | *leik'attanehen *leikkadattanesen | |
| connegative | *leikkadakcik | *leikkacicik | *leik'annek | |
| passive connegative | *leik'at'akcik *leikkadat'akcik | *leik'atticik *leikkadatticik | *leik'attanek *leikkadattanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *leik'at'ak | present | *leikkadapa | *leik'attapa *leikkadattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *leik'atte- | past | *leik'annut | *leik'attu *leikkadattu |
| gerund/supine | *leikkadama | |||
| action noun | *leikkadaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: lõikama/lõigata
- Finnish: leikata
- Ingrian: leikata
- Karelian: leikata
- Livvi: leikata
- Ludian: leikata
- Veps: leikata, liikata
- Võro: lõikama/lõigadaq
- Votic: lõikõtõ
References
- Schalin, Johan. Östskandinavisk utveckling av den urnordiska ai-diftongen och palatalt r i ljuset av finska ljudsubstitutioner, pp. 247–248, in Studier i svensk språkhistoria 13. Umeå Studies in Language and Literature. Umeå. 2016. pp. 241–262
Further reading
- lõikama in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN