< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lehmä
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown, though generally taken to be akin to Mordvinic words meaning "horse": Erzya лишме (lišme), Moksha лишме (lišme). Has been hypothetized to be associated with the phonetically quite similar *lehmus (“lime; soft wood”), through a sense development "soft" > "tame" > "domestic animal". Alternately, Katz (2003) speculates on borrowing from pre-Indo-Iranian *lekšma- (“marked”) (compare Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī), लक्ष्मन् (lakṣman)), through the meaning "animal marked as owned".
Noun
*lehmä
- cow
Inflection
Inflection of *lehmä
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *lehmä | *lehmät | |
| accusative | *lehmän | *lehmät | |
| genitive | *lehmän | *lehmäden *lehmeiden | |
| partitive | *lehmädä | *lehmeidä | |
| inessive | *lehmässä *lehmähnä | *lehmeissä *lehmeihnä | |
| elative | *lehmästä | *lehmeistä | |
| illative | *lehmähen | *lehmeihen | |
| adessive | *lehmällä | *lehmeillä | |
| ablative | *lehmältä | *lehmeiltä | |
| allative | *lehmälen *lehmälek | *lehmeilen *lehmeilek | |
| essive | *lehmänä | *lehmeinä | |
| translative | *lehmäksi | *lehmeiksi | |
| instructive | *lehmän | *lehmein | |
| comitative | *lehmänek | *lehmeinek | |
| abessive | *lehmättä | *lehmeittä | |
Coordinate terms
- *härkä
- *karja
- *sonni
- *vasikka
Descendants
- Estonian: lehm
- Finnish: lehmä
- Ingrian: lehmä
- Karelian: lehmä
- Livonian: niem
- Livvi: lehmy, lehmü
- Ludian: lehm
- Veps: lehm
- Võro: lehm
- Votic: lehme
- → Kemi Sami: [Term?] (lehme)
- → Skolt Sami: leäʹhm
- → Akkala Sami: [Term?] (lehm)
- → Kildin Sami: лӣхемь (līxʹemʹ)
- → Ter Sami: limme
- → Russian: лейма (lejma)
References
- lehm in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- Katz, Hartmut (2003) Studien zu den älteren indoiranischen Lehnwörter in den uralischen Sprachen (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3. Reihe) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter