Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lapida

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms

*lapido

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from a Balto-Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *lopata (“shovel, spade”), Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”). Derivation from *lapa (“blade”) has been proposed, but no nominal suffix **-ida exists.

Noun

*lapida

shovel
spade

Inflection

Inflection of *lapida

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*lapida	*lapidat
accusative	*lapidan	*lapidat
genitive	*lapidan	lapidaden lapidoiden
partitive	*lapidata	*lapidoita
inessive	lapidassa lapidahna	lapidoissa lapidoihna
elative	*lapidasta	*lapidoista
illative	*lapidasen	*lapidoisen
adessive	*lapidalla	*lapidoilla
ablative	*lapidalta	*lapidoilta
allative	lapidalen lapidalek	lapidoilen lapidoilek
essive	*lapidana	*lapidoina
translative	*lapidaksi	*lapidoiksi
instructive	*lapidan	*lapidoin
comitative	*lapidanek	*lapidoinek
abessive	*lapidatta	*lapidoitta

Descendants

From *lapida:

Estonian: labidas
Finnish: (dialectal) lapia
Karelian: lapie, labie
Livonian: lä'bḑi
Votic: lappia

From *lapido:

Finnish: lapio
Ludian: labid, labido
Veps: labid
Võro: lapjo

From *lapja:

Ingrian: lapja
Livvi: labju

References

Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN