Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/laiva

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

By metathesis from earlier *lawja, in turn borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flawją. Baltic origin has been proposed as well (compare Latvian laiva, Lithuanian laĩvas), but these lack a convincing Indo-European etymology and have been rather considered loans from Finnic.

Noun

*laiva

ship

Inflection

Inflection of *laiva

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*laiva	*laivat
accusative	*laivan	*laivat
genitive	*laivan	laivaden laivoiden
partitive	*laivada	*laivoida
inessive	laivassa laivahna	laivoissa laivoihna
elative	*laivasta	*laivoista
illative	*laivahen	*laivoihen
adessive	*laivalla	*laivoilla
ablative	*laivalta	*laivoilta
allative	laivalen laivalek	laivoilen laivoilek
essive	*laivana	*laivoina
translative	*laivaksi	*laivoiksi
instructive	*laivan	*laivoin
comitative	*laivanek	*laivoinek
abessive	*laivatta	*laivoitta

Descendants

Estonian: laev
Finnish: laiva
- → Russian: ла́йба (lájba)
  - → Polish: łajba
Ingrian: laiva
Karelian: laiva
Livonian: lǭja
Livvi: laivu
Veps: laiv
Võro: laiv
Votic: laivõ
→ Northern Sami: láivi
→ Proto-Baltic:
- Latgalian: laiva
- Latvian: laiva
- Lithuanian: laĩvas
- Sudovian: ławe

References

laev in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
Koivulehto, Jorma (1970). "Suomen laiva-sanasta" ('On the Finnish word laiva'). Virittäjä 2/74, pp. 178–183.
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN