Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kümmen

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

**Proto-Finnic cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	11 >
Cardinal : kümmen Ordinal* : *kümmenec

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *küme-ne.[1] Related to Erzya кемень (kemenʹ).[2] Displaced Proto-Uralic *luka.

Numeral

*kümmen[3]

ten
(as a noun) decade, group of ten

Inflection

Inflection of *kümmen

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*kümmen	*kümmenet
accusative	*kümmenen	*kümmenet
genitive	*kümmenen	kümmenden kümmeniden
partitive	*kümmentä	*kümmenitä
inessive	kümmenessä kümmenehnä	kümmenissä kümmenihnä
elative	*kümmenestä	*kümmenistä
illative	*kümmenesen	*kümmenisen
adessive	*kümmenellä	*kümmenillä
ablative	*kümmeneltä	*kümmeniltä
allative	kümmenelen kümmenelek	kümmenilen kümmenilek
essive	*kümmennä	*kümmeninä
translative	*kümmeneksi	*kümmeniksi
instructive	*kümmenen	*kümmenin
comitative	*kümmennek	*kümmeninek
abessive	*kümmenettä	*kümmenittä

Descendants

Estonian: kümme
Finnish: kymmenen (“ten”, numeral), kymmen (“ten in certain compound words”, noun)
- Meänkieli: kymmenen
Ingrian: kymmen
Karelian: kymmenen, kymmen
Kven: kymmenen
Livonian: kim (West), ţum (East)
Livvi: kymmene
Veps: kümne
Võro: kümme
Votic: tšümme

References

Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Kallio, Petri: Yhteissuomalainen sanasto

[1] Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

[2] Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

[3] Kallio, Petri: Yhteissuomalainen sanasto