< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/käüdäk
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *käwe-, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skēwijaną (“to go, walk”).[1][2]
The alternative theory that the word is cognate with Eastern Mari [script needed] (kaje-), [script needed] (keje-, “to go (away)”), from Proto-Uralic *käwe-,[3] and more distantly with Proto-Yukaghir *kewe (“to go”)[4], has to be rejected: the vowel correspondences are irregular,[5] and the Mari word is likely rather a Turkic borrowing (from Chuvash кай (kaj), from Proto-Turkic *kē(y)t-).
Verb
*käüdäk (stem *käü-)
- to walk, to go
Inflection
Inflection of *käüdäk
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *käün | *kävin | — | *käügon |
| 2nd sing. | *käüt | *kävit | *käük | *käügos |
| 3rd sing. | *käüpi *käü | *kävi | *käükähen | *käükohen |
| 1st plur. | *käükmek *käükmäk | *kävimek *kävimäk | *käükädemek *käükädämäk | *käükodemek *käükodämäk |
| 2nd plur. | *käüktek *käüktäk | *kävidek *kävidäk | *käükäde *käükädä | *käügot'ek *käükodädäk |
| 3rd plur. | *käübät *käü | *kävi | *käükähen | *käükohen |
| passive | *käüksen | *käütihen *käüttihen | *käütägäsen *käüttägäsen | *käütägosen *käüttägosen |
| connegative | *käük | — | *käügäk | *käügok |
| passive connegative | *käüktäk | — | *käütägäk *käüttägäk | *käütägok *käüttägok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *käükcin | *kävicin | *käünen | |
| 2nd sing. | *käükcit | *kävicit | *käünet | |
| 3rd sing. | *käükci | *kävici | *käüni | |
| 1st plur. | *käükcimek *käükcimäk | *kävicimek *kävicimäk | *käünemek *käünemäk | |
| 2nd plur. | *käükcidek *käükcidäk | *kävicidek *kävicidäk | *käünedek *käünedäk | |
| 3rd plur. | *käükci | *kävici | *käüni | |
| passive | *käüdäkcisen *käüt'äkcisen | *käüticisen *käütticisen | *käütänesen *käüttänesen | |
| connegative | *käükcik | *kävicik | *käünek | |
| passive connegative | *käüdäkcik *käüt'äkcik | *käüticik *käütticik | *käütänek *käüttänek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *käüdäk | present | *käüpä | *käütäbä *käüttäbä |
| infinitive 2 | *käüte- | past | *käünüt | *käütü *käüttü |
| gerund/supine | *käümä | |||
| action noun | *käüminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: käima, käia
- Finnish: käydä
- Ingrian: käyvvä
- Karelian: käyvvä
- Ludian: kävüda
- Veps: kävuda
- Võro: käümä, kävvüq
- Votic: tšävve
- → Northern Sami: geavvat
- → Lule Sami: gevvat
- → Inari Sami: keevvâđ
- → Skolt Sami: ǩiâvvâd
Derived terms
- *käveldäk
References
- Sammallahti, Pekka (1998) The Saami Languages: An Introduction, Karasjok: Davvi Girji, →ISBN, page 244
- Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- Rédei, Károly (1986–88), “käwe-”, in Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, page 654
- Hyllested, Adam (2008), “Internal Reconstruction vs. External Comparison: The Case of the Indo-Uralic Laryngeals”, in Jens Elmegård Rasmussen & Thomas Olander, editors, Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European: Methods, Results, and Problems : Section Papers from the XVI International Conference on Historical Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, 11th–15th August, 2003, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, OCLC 474840193, page 131 of 111–136: “Fenno-Volgaic *käwe ‘go’”
- Aikio, Ante. The Uralic-Yukaghir lexical correspondences: genetic inheritance, language contact or chance resemblance? (2014). Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, volume 14.