< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kärcidäk
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From earlier *kärtitäk, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kiertëtēk.
Verb
*kärcidäk
- to suffer
- to endure
Inflection
Inflection of *kärcidäk
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kärcin | *kärcejin | — | *kärcigon |
| 2nd sing. | *kärcit | *kärcejit | *kärcik | *kärcigos |
| 3rd sing. | *kärcibi *kärci | *kärceji | *kärcigäsen | *kärcigosen |
| 1st plur. | *kärcikmek *kärcikmäk | *kärcejimek *kärcejimäk | *kärcigätemek *kärcigätämäk | *kärcigotemek *kärcigotämäk |
| 2nd plur. | *kärciktek *kärciktäk | *kärcejidek *kärcejidäk | *kärcigäte *kärcigätä | *kärcigot'ek *kärcigotädäk |
| 3rd plur. | *kärcibät *kärci | *kärceji | *kärcigäsen | *kärcigosen |
| passive | *kärciksen | *kärcidisen *kärcittisen | *kärcidäkähen *kärcittäkähen | *kärcidäkohen *kärcittäkohen |
| connegative | *kärcik | — | *kärcigäk | *kärcigok |
| passive connegative | *kärciktäk | — | *kärcidägäk *kärcittägäk | *kärcidägok *kärcittägok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kärcikcin | *kärcejicin | *kärcinen | |
| 2nd sing. | *kärcikcit | *kärcejicit | *kärcinet | |
| 3rd sing. | *kärcikci | *kärcejici | *kärcini | |
| 1st plur. | *kärcikcimek *kärcikcimäk | *kärcejicimek *kärcejicimäk | *kärcinemek *kärcinemäk | |
| 2nd plur. | *kärcikcidek *kärcikcidäk | *kärcejicidek *kärcejicidäk | *kärcinedek *kärcinedäk | |
| 3rd plur. | *kärcikci | *kärcejici | *kärcini | |
| passive | *kärcidäkcihen *kärcit'äkcihen | *kärcidicihen *kärcitticihen | *kärcidänehen *kärcittänehen | |
| connegative | *kärcikcik | *kärcejicik | *kärcinek | |
| passive connegative | *kärcidäkcik *kärcit'äkcik | *kärcidicik *kärcitticik | *kärcidänek *kärcittänek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kärcidäk | present | *kärcibä | *kärcidäpä *kärcittäpä |
| infinitive 2 | *kärcide- | past | *kärcinüt | *kärcidü *kärcittü |
| gerund/supine | *kärcimä | |||
| action noun | *kärciminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kärsima/kärsida
- Finnish: kärsiä
- Ingrian: kärsiä
- Karelian: kärsie
- Veps: kärzida
- Võro: kärs'mä/kärsiq
- Votic: tšärsiä
Further reading
- kärsima in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN