< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuludak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kulɜ-. Cognates include Khanty ҳөла- (h̦ôla-) and Mansi хол- (hol-) and Proto-Samic [Term?] (whence Northern Sami gollat).
Verb
*kuludak
- to wear out
- to be/get consumed
- (of time) to elapse, to go by, to pass by
Inflection
Inflection of *kuludak
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kulun | *kuluin | — | *kulugon |
| 2nd sing. | *kulut | *kuluit | *kuluk | *kulugos |
| 3rd sing. | *kulubi *kulu | *kului | *kulugasen | *kulugosen |
| 1st plur. | *kulukmek *kulukmak | *kuluimek *kuluimak | *kulugatemek *kulugatamak | *kulugotemek *kulugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kuluktek *kuluktak | *kuluidek *kuluidak | *kulugate *kulugata | *kulugot'ek *kulugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kulubat *kulu | *kului | *kulugasen | *kulugosen |
| passive | *kuluksen | *kuludisen *kuluttisen | *kuludakahen *kuluttakahen | *kuludakohen *kuluttakohen |
| connegative | *kuluk | — | *kulugak | *kulugok |
| passive connegative | *kuluktak | — | *kuludagak *kuluttagak | *kuludagok *kuluttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kulukcin | *kuluicin | *kulunen | |
| 2nd sing. | *kulukcit | *kuluicit | *kulunet | |
| 3rd sing. | *kulukci | *kuluici | *kuluni | |
| 1st plur. | *kulukcimek *kulukcimak | *kuluicimek *kuluicimak | *kulunemek *kulunemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kulukcidek *kulukcidak | *kuluicidek *kuluicidak | *kulunedek *kulunedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kulukci | *kuluici | *kuluni | |
| passive | *kuludakcihen *kulut'akcihen | *kuludicihen *kulutticihen | *kuludanehen *kuluttanehen | |
| connegative | *kulukcik | *kuluicik | *kulunek | |
| passive connegative | *kuludakcik *kulut'akcik | *kuludicik *kulutticik | *kuludanek *kuluttanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kuludak | present | *kuluba | *kuludapa *kuluttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kulude- | past | *kulunut | *kuludu *kuluttu |
| gerund/supine | *kuluma | |||
| action noun | *kuluminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kuluma/kuluda
- Finnish: kulua
- Ingrian: kulluua
- Karelian: kuluo
- Livonian: ku’llõ
- Livvi: kuluo
- Ludian: kuluda
- Veps: kuluda
- Võro: kuluma/kulluq
- Votic: kulua
Further reading
- kuluma in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Entry #389 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.