< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kostadak
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
According to Koivulehto, borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *goys-éye- or its Pre-Germanic descendant (whence German kehren).[1]
Verb
*kostadak
- to turn, to turn back
Inflection
Inflection of *kostadak
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kostan | *kostein | — | *kostagon |
| 2nd sing. | *kostat | *kosteit | *kostak | *kostagos |
| 3rd sing. | *kostabi *kosta | *kostei | *kostagasen | *kostagosen |
| 1st plur. | *kostakmek *kostakmak | *kosteimek *kosteimak | *kostagatemek *kostagatamak | *kostagotemek *kostagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kostaktek *kostaktak | *kosteidek *kosteidak | *kostagate *kostagata | *kostagot'ek *kostagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kostabat *kosta | *kostei | *kostagasen | *kostagosen |
| passive | *kostaksen | *kostadisen *kostattisen | *kostadakahen *kostattakahen | *kostadakohen *kostattakohen |
| connegative | *kostak | — | *kostagak | *kostagok |
| passive connegative | *kostaktak | — | *kostadagak *kostattagak | *kostadagok *kostattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kostakcin | *kosteicin | *kostanen | |
| 2nd sing. | *kostakcit | *kosteicit | *kostanet | |
| 3rd sing. | *kostakci | *kosteici | *kostani | |
| 1st plur. | *kostakcimek *kostakcimak | *kosteicimek *kosteicimak | *kostanemek *kostanemak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kostakcidek *kostakcidak | *kosteicidek *kosteicidak | *kostanedek *kostanedak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kostakci | *kosteici | *kostani | |
| passive | *kostadakcihen *kostat'akcihen | *kostadicihen *kostatticihen | *kostadanehen *kostattanehen | |
| connegative | *kostakcik | *kosteicik | *kostanek | |
| passive connegative | *kostadakcik *kostat'akcik | *kostadicik *kostatticik | *kostadanek *kostattanek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kostadak | present | *kostaba | *kostadapa *kostattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kostade- | past | *kostanut | *kostadu *kostattu |
| gerund/supine | *kostama | |||
| action noun | *kostaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kostma/kosta
- Finnish: kostaa
- → Northern Sami: goastit
- Ingrian: kostaa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kostoa
- South Karelian: kostoa
- Livonian: kuostõ
- Livvi: kostoa
- Võro: kostma/kostaq
Further reading
- kostma in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
References
- Koivulehto, Jorma: Etymologisesti hämäriä -(is)tA-johdosverbejä,lainoja ja omapohjaisia SUSA/JSFOu 92 (2009)