< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/karhu
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Most likely a euphemistic derivation from *karheda (“rough, coarse”) + *-u. Alternatively (through earlier *karša-) a possible loan from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.
Noun
*karhu
- bear
Inflection
Inflection of *karhu
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *karhu | *karhut | |
accusative | *karhun | *karhut | |
genitive | *karhun | *karhuden *karhuiden | |
partitive | *karhuda | *karhuida | |
inessive | *karhussa *karhuhna | *karhuissa *karhuihna | |
elative | *karhusta | *karhuista | |
illative | *karhuhen | *karhuihen | |
adessive | *karhulla | *karhuilla | |
ablative | *karhulta | *karhuilta | |
allative | *karhulen *karhulek | *karhuilen *karhuilek | |
essive | *karhuna | *karhuina | |
translative | *karhuksi | *karhuiksi | |
instructive | *karhun | *karhuin | |
comitative | *karhunek | *karhuinek | |
abessive | *karhutta | *karhuitta |
Synonyms
- *kontija
- *okci
Descendants
- Estonian: karu
- → Livonian: karū
- Finnish: karhu
- Ingrian: karhu
- Karelian: (poetic) karhu
- Võro: karh, kahr
- Votic: karu
References
- Delamarre, Xavier. 1992. "Finnois karhu, aryen hr̥kšas, indoeuropéen *h₂rtk̂os 'ours'". Historische Sprachforschung 105, pp. 151–154.
- karu in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN