< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaikudak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably onomatopoeic.
Verb
*kaikudak (stem *kaiku-)
- to echo
Inflection
Inflection of *kaikudak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
present | past | imperative | optative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | *kaigun | *kaiguin | — | *kaikugon |
2nd sing. | *kaigut | *kaiguit | *kaiguk | *kaikugos |
3rd sing. | *kaikubi *kaiku | *kaikui | *kaikugasen | *kaikugosen |
1st plur. | *kaigukmek *kaigukmak | *kaikuimek *kaikuimak | *kaikugatemek *kaikugatamak | *kaikugotemek *kaikugotamak |
2nd plur. | *kaiguktek *kaiguktak | *kaikuidek *kaikuidak | *kaikugate *kaikugata | *kaikugot'ek *kaikugotadak |
3rd plur. | *kaikubat *kaiku | *kaikui | *kaikugasen | *kaikugosen |
passive | *kaiguksen | *kaikudisen *kaiguttisen | *kaikudakahen *kaiguttakahen | *kaikudakohen *kaiguttakohen |
connegative | *kaiguk | — | *kaikugak | *kaikugok |
passive connegative | *kaiguktak | — | *kaikudagak *kaiguttagak | *kaikudagok *kaiguttagok |
conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
1st sing. | *kaigukcin | *kaikuicin | *kaikunen | |
2nd sing. | *kaigukcit | *kaikuicit | *kaikunet | |
3rd sing. | *kaigukci | *kaikuici | *kaikuni | |
1st plur. | *kaigukcimek *kaigukcimak | *kaikuicimek *kaikuicimak | *kaikunemek *kaikunemak | |
2nd plur. | *kaigukcidek *kaigukcidak | *kaikuicidek *kaikuicidak | *kaikunedek *kaikunedak | |
3rd plur. | *kaigukci | *kaikuici | *kaikuni | |
passive | *kaikudakcihen *kaigut'akcihen | *kaikudicihen *kaigutticihen | *kaikudanehen *kaiguttanehen | |
connegative | *kaigukcik | *kaikuicik | *kaikunek | |
passive connegative | *kaikudakcik *kaigut'akcik | *kaikudicik *kaigutticik | *kaikudanek *kaiguttanek | |
non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
active | passive | |||
infinitive 1 | *kaikudak | present | *kaikuba | *kaikudapa *kaiguttapa |
infinitive 2 | *kaikude- | past | *kaikunut | *kaikudu *kaiguttu |
gerund/supine | *kaikuma | |||
action noun | *kaikuminen |
Descendants
- Estonian: kaikuma/kaikuda
- Finnish: kaikua
- Ingrian: kaikua
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: kaikuo
Further reading
- kaikuma in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN