< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaihas
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz. The descendants that split later than Livonian and Võro use the form *keihäs instead, with a later sporadic shift *ai > *ei (compare *haina, *laipa, *saibas, *saina).
Noun
*kaihas
- spear
Inflection
Inflection of *kaihas
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kaihas | *kaihahet | |
| accusative | *kaihahen | *kaihahet | |
| genitive | *kaihahen | *kaihasten *kaihahiden | |
| partitive | *kaihasta | *kaihahita | |
| inessive | *kaihahessa *kaihahehna | *kaihahissa *kaihahihna | |
| elative | *kaihahesta | *kaihahista | |
| illative | *kaihahesen | *kaihahisen | |
| adessive | *kaihahella | *kaihahilla | |
| ablative | *kaihahelta | *kaihahilta | |
| allative | *kaihahelen *kaihahelek | *kaihahilen *kaihahilek | |
| essive | *kaihassa | *kaihahina | |
| translative | *kaihaheksi | *kaihahiksi | |
| instructive | *kaihahen | *kaihahin | |
| comitative | *kaihassek | *kaihahinek | |
| abessive | *kaihahetta | *kaihahitta | |
Descendants
- Finnish: keihäs
- Karelian: keihäs
- Livvi: kejjäs
- Ludian: keihäz
- Veps: keihaz
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “keihäs”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN