< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-in
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
Originally diminutive Proto-Uralic *-ma, *-i- extracted from other stems (or by epenthesis, cf. etymology 2), final vowel elided and suffix turned into an e-stem by analogy with other consonantal stems, final *-m > *-n is regular
Suffix
*-in
- Forms nouns from verbs, indicating instruments (tools) are used to perform that verb's action.
Inflection
Inflection of *-in
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-in | *-imet | |
| accusative | *-imen | *-imet | |
| genitive | *-imen | *-inden *-imiden | |
| partitive | *-intä | *-imitä | |
| inessive | *-imessä *-imehnä | *-imissä *-imihnä | |
| elative | *-imestä | *-imistä | |
| illative | *-imesen | *-imisen | |
| adessive | *-imellä | *-imillä | |
| ablative | *-imeltä | *-imiltä | |
| allative | *-imelen *-imelek | *-imilen *-imilek | |
| essive | *-imenä | *-iminä | |
| translative | *-imeksi | *-imiksi | |
| instructive | *-imen | *-imin | |
| comitative | *-imenek | *-iminek | |
| abessive | *-imettä | *-imittä | |
Derived terms
Category Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-in not found
Descendants
- Estonian: -i
- Finnish: -in
- Karelian: -in
- Livonian: -īm
- Livvi: -in
- Veps: -im
- Võro: -i
Etymology 2
From earlier *-jmi < *-ma, through a change in the final vowel as in *-pi and *-mpi, and epenthesis.[1] The final vowel was eventually elided. Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
*-in
- Superlative suffix.
Inflection
Inflection of *-in
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-in | *-imet | |
| accusative | *-imen | *-imet | |
| genitive | *-imen | *-inden *-imiden | |
| partitive | *-intä | *-imitä | |
| inessive | *-imessä *-imehnä | *-imissä *-imihnä | |
| elative | *-imestä | *-imistä | |
| illative | *-imesen | *-imisen | |
| adessive | *-imellä | *-imillä | |
| ablative | *-imeltä | *-imiltä | |
| allative | *-imelen *-imelek | *-imilen *-imilek | |
| essive | *-imenä | *-iminä | |
| translative | *-imeksi | *-imiksi | |
| instructive | *-imen | *-imin | |
| comitative | *-imenek | *-iminek | |
| abessive | *-imettä | *-imittä | |
In some descendants, later reformed by influence with the inflected forms of the comparative ending *-mpi (stem *-mpA).
Descendants
- Estonian: -im (no longer usually productive)
- Finnish: -in
- Karelian: -in
- Veps: -im (no longer productive)
References
- Kallio, Petri. The non-initial-syllable vowel reductions from Proto-Uralic to Proto-Finnic. Per Urales ad Orientem (SUST 264). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, Helsinki. 2012