< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halpa
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Possibly, through earlier *šalpa, from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”). An alternative theory suggests Uralic origin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ, in which case the word may be cognate with Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo).
Adjective
*halpa
- cheap
- bad
Inflection
Inflection of *halpa
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *halpa | *halbat | |
| accusative | *halban | *halbat | |
| genitive | *halban | *halpaden *halpoiden | |
| partitive | *halpada | *halpoida | |
| inessive | *halbassa *halbahna | *halboissa *halboihna | |
| elative | *halbasta | *halboista | |
| illative | *halpahen | *halpoihen | |
| adessive | *halballa | *halboilla | |
| ablative | *halbalta | *halboilta | |
| allative | *halpalen *halpalek | *halpoilen *halpoilek | |
| essive | *halpana | *halpoina | |
| translative | *halbaksi | *halboiksi | |
| instructive | *halban | *halboin | |
| comitative | *halpanek | *halpoinek | |
| abessive | *halbatta | *halboitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: halb (“bad”)
- → Livonian: alu (Salaca)
- Finnish: halpa
- Ingrian: halva
- Võro: halv
- Votic: (Kattila) alpõ
- →? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- halb in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN