Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸenos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pen- (“moist; wet; mud; swamp; water”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌽𐌹 (fani).

Noun

*ɸenos m[1]

water

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸenos	*ɸenou	*ɸenoi
vocative	*ɸene	*ɸenou	*ɸenūs
accusative	*ɸenom	*ɸenou	*ɸenoms
genitive	*ɸenī	*ɸenous	*ɸenom
dative	*ɸenūi	*ɸenobom	*ɸenobos
locative	*ɸenei	*?	*?
instrumental	*ɸenū	*ɸenobim	*ɸenūis

Derived terms

*ɸenākos (“swamp”)
- Middle Irish: *enach

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Welsh: enwyn (“buttermilk”)
Middle Irish: en (“water”) [2]
Gaulish: anam (“swamp, marsh”) (accusative singular), *Enos (“River Inn”)
- → Latin: Aenus
- → German: Inn

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*feno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 127
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “en”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*feno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 127

[DIL-2] G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “en”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language