Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/īsarnom

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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/īsarnom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no- (“bloody, red”), from *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”),[1] but the long ē (which regularly became ī in Proto-Celtic) is unexplained. A connection with *ish₂ros (“supernatural, holy”) (compare Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), Sanskrit इषिर (iṣira, “refreshing”)) is also possible, though here too the long ī (which is confirmed by the Proto-Germanic loanword *īsarną) is unexplained.[2]

Noun

*īsarnom n

1. iron

Declension

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*īsarnom	*īsarnou	*īsarnā
vocative	*īsarnom	*īsarnou	*īsarnā
accusative	*īsarnom	*īsarnou	*īsarnā
genitive	*īsarnī	*īsarnous	*īsarnom
dative	*īsarnūi	*īsarnobom	*īsarnobos
locative	*īsarnei	*?	*?
instrumental	*īsarnū	*īsarnobim	*īsarnūis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *hijarn (< *hiarno- < *iharno- by metathesis)[3]
  • Old Breton: hoiarn
    • Middle Breton: houarnn
      • Breton: houarn
  • Old Cornish: hoern
    • Cornish: horn
  • Middle Welsh: haearn
    • Welsh: haearn
• Old Irish: íarn
  • Irish: iarann
  • Manx: yiarn
  • Scottish Gaelic: iarann
• Gaulish: Isarnus (proper name)
• →? Albanian: Erjon
• → Proto-Germanic: *īsarną (see there for further descendants)

References

1. Warren Cowgill, Indogermanische Grammatik, 1, 1. Halbband, Heidelberg: Winter, 1987, page 68
2. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
3. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 383