< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towto-
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tewH- (“to look favorably, protect, observe”), see also Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (þiuþ, “good thing”), Latin tueor (“I gaze”), Proto-Germanic *þiudijaz (“kind, good, friendly”).[1]
The reason for the diverged meaning in Brythonic of "good, favorable" from "left, north" in Gaelic is unclear; possibly due to some sort of taboo replacement.
Adjective
*towto-[2]
- left, north
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *towtos | *towtou | *towtoi |
| vocative | *towte | *towtou | *towtūs |
| accusative | *towtom | *towtou | *towtoms |
| genitive | *towtī | *towtous | *towtom |
| dative | *towtūi | *towtobom | *towtobos |
| instrumental | *towtū | *towtobim | *towtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *towtā | *towtai | *towtās |
| vocative | *towtā | *towtai | *towtās |
| accusative | *towtam | *towtai | *towtams |
| genitive | *towtās | *towtous | *towtom |
| dative | *towtai | *towtābom | *towtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *towtābim | *towtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *towtom | *towtou | *towtā |
| vocative | *towtom | *towtou | *towtā |
| accusative | *towtom | *towtou | *towtā |
| genitive | *towtī | *towtous | *towtom |
| dative | *towtūi | *towtobom | *towtobos |
| instrumental | *towtū | *towtobim | *towtobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Breton: tut (“favorable, good”), tuthe (“kind of demon”) (possibly)
- Old Irish: túaid
- Irish: thuaidh
- Manx: twoaie
- Scottish Gaelic: tuath
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1079-1080
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*towto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 387