< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skamos
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Uncertain, as a-vocalisms are not common. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem-, same source as Proto-Germanic *skammaz (“short”). Similar semantic connections can be found between "light" and "lungs" in other Indo-European languages, such as Proto-Germanic *lungô (“lung”) being from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“nimble, light”).[1][2]
Adjective
*skamos[2]
- light (not heavy)
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *skamos | *skamou | *skamoi |
| vocative | *skame | *skamou | *skamūs |
| accusative | *skamom | *skamou | *skamoms |
| genitive | *skamī | *skamous | *skamom |
| dative | *skamūi | *skamobom | *skamobos |
| instrumental | *skamū | *skamobim | *skamobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *skamā | *skamai | *skamās |
| vocative | *skamā | *skamai | *skamās |
| accusative | *skamam | *skamai | *skamams |
| genitive | *skamās | *skamous | *skamom |
| dative | *skamai | *skamābom | *skamābos |
| instrumental | *? | *skamābim | *skamābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *skamom | *skamou | *skamā |
| vocative | *skamom | *skamou | *skamā |
| accusative | *skamom | *skamou | *skamā |
| genitive | *skamī | *skamous | *skamom |
| dative | *skamūi | *skamobom | *skamobos |
| instrumental | *skamū | *skamobim | *skamobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgefeint (“lung”)
- Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgyfant (“lung”)
- Middle Breton: caff, scanff
- Breton: skañv (“light”)
- Cornish: scaff, schaff
- Middle Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgefeint (“lung”)
- Middle Irish: scam (“lung”) (only attested as plural scaim)
References
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “sgamhan”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “skamo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 339