< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/orgeti
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg- (“perish”), see also Hittite 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /ḫarkzi/) and Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “strike”).
Verb
*orgeti[1][2]
- to kill
- to destroy
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *orgū | *orgemam | *iorxsū | *orxta |
| 2nd singular | *orgesi | *orgetās | *iorxsesi | *orxtas? |
| 3rd singular | *orgeti | *orgeto | *iorxseti | *orxte |
| 1st plural | *orgomosi | *orgemo | *iorxsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *orgetesi | *orgestē | *iorxsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *orgonti | *orgento | *iorxsonti | *orxtar? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *orxsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *orxsesi | ? | *orge | |
| 3rd singular | *orxseti | ? | *orgetou | |
| 1st plural | *orxsomosi | ? | *orgomos | |
| 2nd plural | *orxsetesi | ? | *orgete | |
| 3rd plural | *orxsonti | ? | *orgontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *orgūr | — | *iorxsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *orgetar | — | *iorxsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *orgetor | ? | *iorxsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *orgommor | — | *iorxsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *orgedwe | — | *iorxsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *orgontor | ? | *iorxsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *orxsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *orxsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *orxsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *orxsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *orxsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *orxsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *orxtos | *orxtou | *orxtoi |
| vocative | *orxte | *orxtou | *orxtūs |
| accusative | *orxtom | *orxtou | *orxtoms |
| genitive | *orxtī | *orxtous | *orxtom |
| dative | *orxtūi | *orxtobom | *orxtobos |
| instrumental | *orxtū | *orxtobim | *orxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *orxtā | *orxtai | *orxtās |
| vocative | *orxtā | *orxtai | *orxtās |
| accusative | *orxtam | *orxtai | *orxtams |
| genitive | *orxtās | *orxtous | *orxtom |
| dative | *orxtai | *orxtābom | *orxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *orxtābim | *orxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *orxtom | *orxtou | *orxtā |
| vocative | *orxtom | *orxtou | *orxtā |
| accusative | *orxtom | *orxtou | *orxtā |
| genitive | *orxtī | *orxtous | *orxtom |
| dative | *orxtūi | *orxtobom | *orxtobos |
| instrumental | *orxtū | *orxtobim | *orxtobis |
Derived terms
- *orgenos
- Gaulish: *Orgeno[3] (theonym)
- ⇒ Celtiberian: *Orgenomeskoi
- → Latin: Orgenomesci (“Cantabrian tribe”)
- *to-orgeti
- Old Irish: do·fúairc, túarcon
- Irish: tuargain
- Old Irish: do·fúairc, túarcon
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- ⇒ Old Breton: treorgam
- Middle Welsh: yny-orth
- Welsh: orn
- Old Irish: orcaid, orgaid, orggaid
- Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid
- Irish: arg
- Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid
- Gaulish: orge (“kill”, imperative)
- Gaulish: *orgetos[3] (deverbal)
- ⇒ Gaulish: *Orgetorix
- → Latin: Orgetorix
- ⇒ Gaulish: *Orgetorix
- Gaulish: *orgetos[3] (deverbal)
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*org-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 300
- Koch, John (2004), “*org-e/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 172
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “orget(o)-/orgeno-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 244