< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/madyeti
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Possibly from (and formally derivable from) Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to be wet, moist”), though the semantic connection is weak; the evolution could have been from describing the bursting of streams and torrents to the more general use of breaking and bursting. Similar sense development is found in Serbo-Croatian prsnuti (“to explode, blow up”) and prskati (“to sprinkle, squirt, water”).
Verb
*madyeti[1]
- to break, burst
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *madyū | *madyemam | *mimadsū | *memāda |
| 2nd singular | *madyesi | *madyetās | *mimadsesi | *memādas? |
| 3rd singular | *madyeti | *madyeto | *mimadseti | *memāde |
| 1st plural | *madyomosi | *madyemo | *mimadsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *madyetesi | *madyestē | *mimadsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *madyonti | *madyento | *mimadsonti | *memādar? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *mādsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *mādsesi | ? | *madye | |
| 3rd singular | *mādseti | ? | *madyetou | |
| 1st plural | *mādsomosi | ? | *madyomos | |
| 2nd plural | *mādsetesi | ? | *madyete | |
| 3rd plural | *mādsonti | ? | *madyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *madyūr | — | *mimadsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *madyetar | — | *mimadsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *madyetor | ? | *mimadsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *madyommor | — | *mimadsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *madyedwe | — | *mimadsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *madyontor | ? | *mimadsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *mādsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *mādsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *mādsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *mādsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *mādsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *mādsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *massos | *massou | *massoi |
| vocative | *masse | *massou | *massūs |
| accusative | *massom | *massou | *massoms |
| genitive | *massī | *massous | *massom |
| dative | *massūi | *massobom | *massobos |
| instrumental | *massū | *massobim | *massobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *massā | *massai | *massās |
| vocative | *massā | *massai | *massās |
| accusative | *massam | *massai | *massams |
| genitive | *massās | *massous | *massom |
| dative | *massai | *massābom | *massābos |
| instrumental | *? | *massābim | *massābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *massom | *massou | *massā |
| vocative | *massom | *massou | *massā |
| accusative | *massom | *massou | *massā |
| genitive | *massī | *massous | *massom |
| dative | *massūi | *massobom | *massobos |
| instrumental | *massū | *massobim | *massobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: mezaff
- Breton: mezan
- Middle Welsh: maeddu
- Welsh: maeddu
- Middle Breton: mezaff
- Old Irish: maidid
- Irish: maígh, maidhm (denominal re-formation from the verbal noun)
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*mad-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-52