< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/lengeti
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
A conflation of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light; move lightly”) and another verb with initial *ɸ cognate with Proto-Germanic *springaną.[1]
Verb
*lengeti[2][3]
- to jump
Declension
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *ɸlengū | *ɸlengemam | *ɸiblanxsū | *ɸleɸlonga |
| 2nd singular | *ɸlengesi | *ɸlengetās | *ɸiblanxsesi | *ɸleɸlongas? |
| 3rd singular | *ɸlengeti | *ɸlengeto | *ɸiblanxseti | *ɸleɸlonge |
| 1st plural | *ɸlengomosi | *ɸlengemo | *ɸiblanxsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *ɸlengetesi | *ɸlengestē | *ɸiblanxsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *ɸlengonti | *ɸlengento | *ɸiblanxsonti | *ɸleɸlongar? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *ɸlenxsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ɸlenxsesi | ? | *ɸlenge | |
| 3rd singular | *ɸlenxseti | ? | *ɸlengetou | |
| 1st plural | *ɸlenxsomosi | ? | *ɸlengomos | |
| 2nd plural | *ɸlenxsetesi | ? | *ɸlengete | |
| 3rd plural | *ɸlenxsonti | ? | *ɸlengontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *ɸlengūr | — | *ɸiblanxsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *ɸlengetar | — | *ɸiblanxsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *ɸlengetor | ? | *ɸiblanxsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *ɸlengommor | — | *ɸiblanxsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *ɸlengedwe | — | *ɸiblanxsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *ɸlengontor | ? | *ɸiblanxsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *ɸlenxsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *ɸlenxsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *ɸlenxsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *ɸlenxsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *ɸlenxsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *ɸlenxsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸlanxtos | *ɸlanxtou | *ɸlanxtoi |
| vocative | *ɸlanxte | *ɸlanxtou | *ɸlanxtūs |
| accusative | *ɸlanxtom | *ɸlanxtou | *ɸlanxtoms |
| genitive | *ɸlanxtī | *ɸlanxtous | *ɸlanxtom |
| dative | *ɸlanxtūi | *ɸlanxtobom | *ɸlanxtobos |
| instrumental | *ɸlanxtū | *ɸlanxtobim | *ɸlanxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸlanxtā | *ɸlanxtai | *ɸlanxtās |
| vocative | *ɸlanxtā | *ɸlanxtai | *ɸlanxtās |
| accusative | *ɸlanxtam | *ɸlanxtai | *ɸlanxtams |
| genitive | *ɸlanxtās | *ɸlanxtous | *ɸlanxtom |
| dative | *ɸlanxtai | *ɸlanxtābom | *ɸlanxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *ɸlanxtābim | *ɸlanxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ɸlanxtom | *ɸlanxtou | *ɸlanxtā |
| vocative | *ɸlanxtom | *ɸlanxtou | *ɸlanxtā |
| accusative | *ɸlanxtom | *ɸlanxtou | *ɸlanxtā |
| genitive | *ɸlanxtī | *ɸlanxtous | *ɸlanxtom |
| dative | *ɸlanxtūi | *ɸlanxtobom | *ɸlanxtobos |
| instrumental | *ɸlanxtū | *ɸlanxtobim | *ɸlanxtobis |
Related terms
- *lanxsman
Descendants
- Old Irish: lingid
- Gaulish: *lingeti
- Gaulish: *Lingones[4]
- → Latin: Lingones
- French: Langres
- → Latin: Lingones
- Gaulish: *Lingones[4]
References
- Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 3.1.74, page 245
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*leng-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
- Koch, John (2004), “*long-(e)je/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 188
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “ling-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 203