< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷākʷos
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Matasović is indecisive between two etymological possibilities:[1]
- From Proto-Indo-European *kʷoh₃kʷos, a compound of *kʷos (“what”) and *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”), literally "what you see".
- From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂kʷos, a reduplication of *kʷos (“what”).
Pronoun
*kʷākʷos
- everyone, everybody
Inflection
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *kʷākʷos | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷoi |
| vocative | *kʷākʷe | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākūs |
| accusative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākoms |
| genitive | *kʷākʷī | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākūi | *kʷākʷobom | *kʷākʷobos |
| locative | *kʷākʷei | *? | *? |
| instrumental | *kʷākū | *kʷākʷobim | *kʷākʷūis |
Determiner
*kʷākʷos
- each, every
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷos | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷoi |
| vocative | *kʷākʷe | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākūs |
| accusative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākoms |
| genitive | *kʷākʷī | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākūi | *kʷākʷobom | *kʷākʷobos |
| instrumental | *kʷākū | *kʷākʷobim | *kʷākʷobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷā | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷās |
| vocative | *kʷākʷā | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷās |
| accusative | *kʷākʷam | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷams |
| genitive | *kʷākʷās | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷābom | *kʷākʷābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kʷākʷābim | *kʷākʷābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷā |
| vocative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷā |
| accusative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷā |
| genitive | *kʷākʷī | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākūi | *kʷākʷobom | *kʷākʷobos |
| instrumental | *kʷākū | *kʷākʷobim | *kʷākʷobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: pọb
- Old Breton: pop
- Middle Breton: pep
- Breton: pep
- Middle Breton: pep
- Cornish: pob, peub
- Old Welsh: paup
- Middle Welsh: pawb
- Welsh: pob
- Middle Welsh: pawb
- Old Breton: pop
- Old Irish: cách, cach
- Middle Irish: cách, cach
- Irish: gach
- Manx: dagh
- Scottish Gaelic: gach, càch
- Middle Irish: cách, cach
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “**kʷākʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 173-174