Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kurmi

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly cognate with Latin cremor (“thick juice made by boiling grain”), Sanskrit करम्भ (karambha, “barley porridge, soup, mixture”), Russian корм (korm, “food”),[1] perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kremH- (“to burn”).[2][3]

Noun

*kurmi n[4]

beer

Declension

Neuter i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kormi	*kormī	*kormyā
vocative	*kormi	*kormī	*kormyā
accusative	*kormi	*kormī	*kormyā
genitive	*kormois	*kormois	*kormyom
dative	*kormei	*kormibom	*kormibos
locative	*kormei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kormī	*kormibim	*kormibis

Alternative reconstructions

*kormi[3]
*kurman[5]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kurβ̃
- Middle Breton: coref
  - Breton: korev
- Old Cornish: coruf
  - Middle Cornish: coref
    - Cornish: korev
- Old Welsh: curum
  - Middle Welsh: cwrwf
    - Welsh: cwrw
- Proto-Brythonic: *kürβ̃ėsi
Old Irish: cuirm
- Irish: coirm
- Scottish Gaelic: cuirm
Gaulish: curmi, curmí, κόρμα (kórma), κούρμι (koúrmi)
⇒ *kurmēsyā (+ *-ēsyā)
- Latin: cervēsia, cervēsa; cerevēsia, cervī̆sia, cerevī̆sia, cervī̆sa, cerevī̆sa, cervī̆ssa, cerbī̆sia (see there for further descendants)

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 263
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. ker(ə)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 571-572
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kormi”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “curmi”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 133: “*curmi”
Koch, John (2004), “*kurmen-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 263

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. ker(ə)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 571-572

[EDPC-3] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kormi”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 217

[4] Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “curmi”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 133: “*curmi”

[5] Koch, John (2004), “*kurmen-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies