Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kliyos

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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kliyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

• *klēyos[1]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰 (hleiduma, “left”), and Latin clīvius (“inauspicious”). The left direction was considered a taboo and all Indo-European words meaning "left" come from words meaning "bent" or "crooked" as a result.

Adjective

*kliyos[2]

1. left

   Synonym: *souyos

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kliyos	*kliyou	*kliyoi
vocative	*kliye	*kliyou	*kliyūs
accusative	*kliyom	*kliyou	*kliyoms
genitive	*kliyī	*kliyous	*kliyom
dative	*kliyūi	*kliyobom	*kliyobos
instrumental	*kliyū	*kliyobim	*kliyobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kliyā	*kliyai	*kliyās
vocative	*kliyā	*kliyai	*kliyās
accusative	*kliyam	*kliyai	*kliyams
genitive	*kliyās	*kliyous	*kliyom
dative	*kliyai	*kliyābom	*kliyābos
instrumental	*?	*kliyābim	*kliyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kliyom	*kliyou	*kliyā
vocative	*kliyom	*kliyou	*kliyā
accusative	*kliyom	*kliyou	*kliyā
genitive	*kliyī	*kliyous	*kliyom
dative	*kliyūi	*kliyobom	*kliyobos
instrumental	*kliyū	*kliyobim	*kliyobis

Derived terms

• *uɸokliyom

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *kleð
  • Breton: kleiz
  • Cornish: cleth
  • Welsh: cledd
• Old Irish: clé
  • Middle Irish: clé
    • Irish: clé
    • Scottish Gaelic: clì
    • Manx: clee

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*klēyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207
2. Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 94, page 61