Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kariyos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain; suggested to be cognate with Ancient Greek κρηπίς (krēpís, “man's high boot, half-boot”), Proto-Germanic *hrifilingaz (“shoe”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *kúrˀpāˀ (“shoe”),[1][2] however reconstructing an underlying Indo-European form is problematic and is likely a substrate Wanderwort.[3]

Noun

*kariyos m[4]

shoemaker, cobbler

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kariyos	*kariyou	*kariyoi
vocative	*kariye	*kariyou	*kariyūs
accusative	*kariyom	*kariyou	*kariyoms
genitive	*kariyī	*kariyous	*kariyom
dative	*kariyūi	*kariyobom	*kariyobos
locative	*kariyei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kariyū	*kariyobim	*kariyūis

Alternative reconstructions

*karaɸyos[5]
*karɸis[6]
*karɸiyos[7]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kėrɨ[8]
- Old Breton: kereon pl
  - Middle Breton: quere
    - Breton: kere, kereer, kereour
- Old Cornish: chereor
  - Cornish: quere, keryor, keryer
- Middle Welsh: crydd (< *kėrɨð[8])
  - Welsh: crydd
Old Irish: *cair[6]
- ⇒ Old Irish: cairem (+ -em)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “kerəp-, krēp-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 581
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 235
Beekes, Robert S.P. (2000), “European substratum words in Greek”, in Ofitsch, Michaela; Zinko, Christian, editors, 125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz‎, Graz: Leykam, page 28: “Clearly non-IE; FRISK: Wanderwort.”
Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83: “*karii̯o-”
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*karafyo-(mon)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 189-190
Kortlandt, Frederik (2007) Italo-Celtic Origins and Prehistoric Development of the Irish Language (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 14), Leiden: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 29
Koch, John (2004), “*karφjo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 310
Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 16: “PBr. *kariˈi̯o- ’shoe-maker’ > LPBr. *Kerïˈδ > PrW *Krïˈδ”

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “kerəp-, krēp-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 581

[2] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 235

[3] Beekes, Robert S.P. (2000), “European substratum words in Greek”, in Ofitsch, Michaela; Zinko, Christian, editors, 125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz‎, Graz: Leykam, page 28: “Clearly non-IE; FRISK: Wanderwort.”

[4] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 83: “*karii̯o-”

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*karafyo-(mon)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 189-190

[Kortlandt-6] Kortlandt, Frederik (2007) Italo-Celtic Origins and Prehistoric Development of the Irish Language (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 14), Leiden: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 29

[7] Koch, John (2004), “*karφjo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 310

[Schrijver-8] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 16: “PBr. *kariˈi̯o- ’shoe-maker’ > LPBr. *Kerïˈδ > PrW *Krïˈδ”