< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gninuti
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know, recognize”).
Verb
*gninuti
- to recognize
Inflection
| Suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *gninu | *gninumam | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gninusi | *gninutās | ? | ? |
| 3rd singular | *gninuti | *gninuto | ? | ? |
| 1st plural | *gninumosi | *gninumo | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *gninutesi | *gninustē | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *gninunti | *gninunto | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *gninu | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *gninutou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *gninumos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *gninute | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *gninuntou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *gninur | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *gninutar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *gninutor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *gninummor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *gninudwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *gninuntor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
Alternative reconstructions
- *gninati[1]
Reconstruction notes
Matasović reconstructs this verb as *gninati, but the fact that the stem vowel i is not lowered to e in Old Irish shows that the vowel of the following syllable cannot have been a.[2]
Related terms
- *gnātos
Derived terms
- *atiuɸogninuti[1]
- Proto-Brythonic: *adwoɨnɨnüd
- Middle Breton: aznauout
- Breton: anaout, anavout, anavezout
- Cornish: aswonvos, aswon
- Welsh: adnabod, adwaen
- Middle Breton: aznauout
- Proto-Brythonic: *adwoɨnɨnüd
- *atigninuti[1]
- Old Irish: ad·gnin
- Irish: aithin
- Scottish Gaelic: aithnich
- Old Irish: ad·gnin
Descendants
- Gaulish: gniiou
- Old Irish: ·gnin
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gni-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 552, page 357