< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bungeti
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰu-né-gʰ- ~ *bʰu-n-gʰ-, nasal-infix present of *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”).[1]
Verb
*bungeti
- to break
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *bungū | *bungemam | *bibuxsū | *bubouga |
| 2nd singular | *bungesi | *bungetās | *bibuxsesi | *bubougas? |
| 3rd singular | *bungeti | *bungeto | *bibuxseti | *bubouge |
| 1st plural | *bungomosi | *bungemo | *bibuxsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *bungetesi | *bungestē | *bibuxsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *bungonti | *bungento | *bibuxsonti | *bubougar? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *bounxū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *bounxesi | ? | *bunge | |
| 3rd singular | *bounxeti | ? | *bungetou | |
| 1st plural | *bounxomosi | ? | *bungomos | |
| 2nd plural | *bounxetesi | ? | *bungete | |
| 3rd plural | *bounxonti | ? | *bungontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *bungūr | — | *bibuxsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *bungetar | — | *bibuxsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *bungetor | ? | *bibuxsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *bungommor | — | *bibuxsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *bungedwe | — | *bibuxsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *bungontor | ? | *bibuxsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *bounxūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *bounxetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *bounxetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *bounxommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *bounxedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *bounxontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *buxtos | *buxtou | *buxtoi |
| vocative | *buxte | *buxtou | *buxtūs |
| accusative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtoms |
| genitive | *buxtī | *buxtous | *buxtom |
| dative | *buxtūi | *buxtobom | *buxtobos |
| instrumental | *buxtū | *buxtobim | *buxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *buxtā | *buxtai | *buxtās |
| vocative | *buxtā | *buxtai | *buxtās |
| accusative | *buxtam | *buxtai | *buxtams |
| genitive | *buxtās | *buxtous | *buxtom |
| dative | *buxtai | *buxtābom | *buxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *buxtābim | *buxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtā |
| vocative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtā |
| accusative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtā |
| genitive | *buxtī | *buxtous | *buxtom |
| dative | *buxtūi | *buxtobom | *buxtobos |
| instrumental | *buxtū | *buxtobim | *buxtobis |
Descendants
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *diβunɡɨd (from *dī-bungeti)
- Middle Welsh: diuwg
- Welsh: difwng
- Middle Welsh: diuwg
- Old Irish: bongaid
- Middle Irish: boingid, buingid
- Irish: bain
- Middle Irish: boingid, buingid
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*bu-n-g-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 84