< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/binati
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-né-h₂-ti, nasal-infix present of *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).
Verb
*binati[1]
- to strike, hit, beat
Inflection
| Athematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *binami | *binamam | *bibīsū | *biba |
| 2nd singular | *binasi | *binatās | *bibīsesi | *bibas? |
| 3rd singular | *binati | *binato | *bibīseti | *bibe |
| 1st plural | *binamosi | *binamo | *bibīsomosi | ? |
| 2nd plural | *binatesi | *binastē | *bibīsetesi | ? |
| 3rd plural | *binanti | *binanto | *bibīsonti | *bibar? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *beyaū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *beyaesi | ? | *bina | |
| 3rd singular | *beyaeti | ? | *binatou | |
| 1st plural | *beyaomosi | ? | *binamos | |
| 2nd plural | *beyaetesi | ? | *binate | |
| 3rd plural | *beyaonti | ? | *binantou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *binar | — | *bibīsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *binatar | — | *bibīsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *binator | ? | *bibīsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *binammor | — | *bibīsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *binadwe | — | *bibīsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *binantor | ? | *bibīsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *beyaūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *beyaetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *beyaetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *beyaommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *beyaedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *beyaontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *bītos | *bītou | *bītoi |
| vocative | *bīte | *bītou | *bītūs |
| accusative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītoms |
| genitive | *bītī | *bītous | *bītom |
| dative | *bītūi | *bītobom | *bītobos |
| instrumental | *bītū | *bītobim | *bītobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *bītā | *bītai | *bītās |
| vocative | *bītā | *bītai | *bītās |
| accusative | *bītam | *bītai | *bītams |
| genitive | *bītās | *bītous | *bītom |
| dative | *bītai | *bītābom | *bītābos |
| instrumental | *? | *bītābim | *bītābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītā |
| vocative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītā |
| accusative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītā |
| genitive | *bītī | *bītous | *bītom |
| dative | *bītūi | *bītobom | *bītobos |
| instrumental | *bītū | *bītobim | *bītobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *bɨnad
- Middle Breton: benaff
- Breton: benañ
- Middle Breton: benaff
- Old Irish: benaid
- Irish: bain
- Gaulish: biietutu (impv.)
- Celtiberian: ne-bintor (3p.impv.med.)
(from *kom-binati)
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *kummɨnad
- Middle Breton: quemenas
- Breton: kemenañ
- Middle Welsh: kymynu
- Welsh: cymynu
- Middle Breton: quemenas
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bʰiH-neh₂-”