< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/berxtos
 | This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Alternative forms
- *bertos[1]
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰer(H)ǵ-tó-s, from *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine”) + *-tós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *berhtaz.[2]
Adjective
*berxtos
- bright
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *berxtos | *berxtou | *berxtoi |
| vocative | *berxte | *berxtou | *berxtūs |
| accusative | *berxtom | *berxtou | *berxtoms |
| genitive | *berxtī | *berxtous | *berxtom |
| dative | *berxtūi | *berxtobom | *berxtobos |
| instrumental | *berxtū | *berxtobim | *berxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *berxtā | *berxtai | *berxtās |
| vocative | *berxtā | *berxtai | *berxtās |
| accusative | *berxtam | *berxtai | *berxtams |
| genitive | *berxtās | *berxtous | *berxtom |
| dative | *berxtai | *berxtābom | *berxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *berxtābim | *berxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *berxtom | *berxtou | *berxtā |
| vocative | *berxtom | *berxtou | *berxtā |
| accusative | *berxtom | *berxtou | *berxtā |
| genitive | *berxtī | *berxtous | *berxtom |
| dative | *berxtūi | *berxtobom | *berxtobos |
| instrumental | *berxtū | *berxtobim | *berxtobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *berθ
- Middle Breton: berz
- Breton: berzh
- Middle Welsh: berth
- Welsh: berth
- Middle Breton: berz
- Old Irish: *bertach (+ -ach)
- Old Irish: Flaithbertach (+ flaith (“lordship”))
References
- Koch, John (2004), “*berto-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 308
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*berxto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63