Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/anderā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly related to Basque andere (“lady, woman”). Most likely from a non-IE substrate language.[1]

Schrijver, however, argues that the only reconstruction that can account for the Celtic evidence is *andēro-, and the Basque-Aquitanian word is analysable within Basque-Aquitanian, so the Celtic word would have to be a borrowing from Basque-Aquitanian. However, for phonetic reasons, the Goidelic word can only be a late borrowing into Primitive Irish.[2]

Noun

*anderā f

young woman

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*anderā	*anderai	*anderās
vocative	*anderā	*anderai	*anderās
accusative	*anderam	*anderai	*anderāms
genitive	*anderās	*anderous	*anderom
dative	*anderāi	*anderābom	*anderābos
locative	*anderai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*anderābim	*anderābis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *anner
- Middle Breton: annoer
  - Breton: ounner (Léonard/Cornouaillais), annoar (Trégorrois), annoer (Vannetais)
- Old Cornish: annoer
  - Cornish: annor
- Middle Welsh: anneir
  - Welsh: anner, annair
Old Irish: ainder
- Middle Irish: ander
  - Irish: ainnir
  - Scottish Gaelic: ainnir
>? Gaulish: anderon
- Old French: aundire, aundirne, andire, andirne
  - Middle French: landier
    - French: landier
  - → Middle English: anderne, aunderne, aundyre
    - English: andiron

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
Peter Schrijver (2011), “Irish ainder, Welsh anner, Breton annoar, Basque andere”, in David Restle, Dietmar Zaefferer, editors, Sounds and Systems: Studies in Structure and Change. A Festschrift for Theo Vennemann‎, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 205–19

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Peter Schrijver (2011), “Irish ainder, Welsh anner, Breton annoar, Basque andere”, in David Restle, Dietmar Zaefferer, editors, Sounds and Systems: Studies in Structure and Change. A Festschrift for Theo Vennemann‎, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 205–19