Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/mʊ̀-

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

2nd person plural subject concord.

Descendants

B30 Group:
- Pinji: no-
- Tsogo: nò-
- Viya: nò-
- Vove: nù-
Bole: bò-
Great Lakes Bantu:
- Luganda: mu-
- Rwanda-Rundi: mu-
Kilimanjaro Bantu:
- Mashami: mu-
- Mochi: mu-
- Rombo: mu-
- Taita: mu-
Lega (Shabunda): mu-
Northeast Coast Bantu:
- Swahili: m-
Rufiji-Ruvuma:
- Makonde: mu-
- Matuumbi: mu-
- Yao: mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Inhambane:
  - Tonga: mu-
- Nguni:
  - Northern Ndebele: li-
  - Phuthi: li-
  - Swazi: ni-
  - Xhosa: ni-
  - Zulu: ni-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Northern Sotho: le
  - Southern Sotho: le
  - Tswana: le
- Tsonga: mi-
- Venda: ni-
Western Savannah:
- Gciriku: mu-, mw-
- Herero: mu-
- Kwangali: mu-
- Luvale: mu-
- Luyana: mu-
- Mbukushu: mu-
- Ndonga: mu-
- Umbundu: vu-, u-
- Yeyi: ni-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 1 noun prefix.

Descendants

Bangi-Ntomba:
- Lingala: mo-
Northeast Bantu:
- Great Lakes Bantu:
  - Luganda: mu-
  - Rwanda-Rundi: umu-
- Northeast Coast Bantu:
  - Swahili: m-, mw-
Nyasa:
- Chichewa: mu-
Shona: mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Northern Ndebele: mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
  - Phuthi: mu-
  - Swazi: umu-, um-
  - Xhosa: m-, extended um-
  - Zulu: mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho: mo-
  - Tswana: mo-
- Tsonga: mu-
- Venda: mu-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 1 object concord.

Descendants

Great Lakes Bantu:
- Luganda: mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Swazi: mu-, m-
  - Zulu: mu-, m-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho: mo-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 3 noun prefix.

Descendants

Bangi-Ntomba:
- Lingala: mo-
Northeast Bantu:
- Great Lakes Bantu:
  - Luganda: mu-
  - Rwanda-Rundi: umu-
- Northeast Coast Bantu:
  - Swahili: m-, mw-
Nyasa:
- Chichewa: mu-
Shona: mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Northern Ndebele: mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
  - Phuthi: mu-
  - Swazi: umu-, um-
  - Xhosa: m-, extended um-
  - Zulu: mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho: mo-
  - Tswana: mo-
- Tsonga: mu-
- Venda: mu-

Prefix

*mʊ̀-

Class 18 noun prefix.

Descendants

Nyasa:
- Chichewa: mu-
Shona: mu-
Southern Bantu:
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Sotho: mo-
  - Tswana: mo-